
Class __Fl,S3 

COBOUGHT DKPOSm 



Hnnapolis . . . 



"YE ANTIENT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND." 



e^* e^*' e,?^ ^* e^* 



164:9 = = ^ = 19(31 



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BY ELIHU S. RILEY. 



f^r^ ^^* t^* f^r* *^^ 

ANNAPOLIS, MD. 

PlJUI.I.SHED KY THK AnNAPOLIS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
iqoi. 



TH£ LIBRARY OF 
CONGRESS, 

Two Copies Received 

MAR 16 1903 

A Copyright Entry 
iuASS '^ XXc. No. 
COPY B/. _ 



COPYRIGHTED IN 1901. 
BY ELIHU S. RILEY, ANNAFOLIS, 



^ 






&^e Amem 
Of AMemcK' 




SziHU'XS'jRiLEy. 



Drawn by G. Alden Peirson, 



li. PEESIDENT, these resolutions 
ought to pass, and it is high time." 
These stirring words were 
spoken in "The Athens of America," 
the title by which the city of 
Annapolis was known throughout 
the thirteen colonies during the de- 
cade preceding the Revolution. The 
orator was John Hanson; the period 
the early part of the Revolutionary 
war; the occasion the consideration 
in the Maryland House of Delegates 
of a series of advanced and decided 
resolutions. When the q-iestion of 
their passage was put, there was an 
awful pau.e — members liesitating to 
stake their heads and fortunes by 
anv hasty or overt act. It was then 
that John Hanson rose and made a 
Speech as memorable as Patrick 
Henry's celebrated address to the 
Virginia Legislature. With these 
brief words, Hanson sat down. They 
had accomplished their work. The 
resolutions were passed amidst mucli 
patriotic enthusiasm. 



4 ANNAPOLIS. 

It \v;i.s III such :i heat that the real life of ante-revolutionary Annapolis was 
nioiildetl. In the period immediately succeeding the Stamp Act troul)les of ITG;"), 
Annapolis was the most famous, cultivated and dissipated city of the American 
Plantations. Settled in 1G49, by a sturdy stock of Puritan refugees from Virginia, 
driven out by the Churchmen of that colony for their religious beliefs, on this 
splendid material had been grafted, by successive emigrations, many a gallant scion 
of the best blood of England, and when, in 1G94, the capital of the Province was re- 
moved from St. Mary's to Annapolis, there came with it a coterie of settlers who 
soon formed a Court party with all the arts and rennements of European life and 
the intrigues of political science and oflicial position. Tiie Governor's entertain- 
ments led the local festivities and gave tone and zest to reciprocal hospitalities. 
The elegant homes of these gay and wealthy people, a dozen or more of whicli still 
remain in all their capacious proportions, show the comfort and luxury in which 
they lived. 

Here the Legislature met; here were held the session^ of the Provincial Court, 
the High Court of Chancery, and the Court of Appeals; here were the residences of 
the Coveruor and his highest officials; here his Council convened. These brought 
together the best legal minds of the colony, and all those who sought place or pur- 
sued pleasure, and, with King William's School, which for nearly a century had 
been distributing the benefits of liberal education upon the capital, created a com- 
munity of jpre eminent culture and superior refinement. Thus Annapolis became 
known as "The Athens of America." In this famous epoch of its interesting annals, 
its life of fashion and frivolty, of culture and refinement, had reached its height of 
development. Wealth gave leisure and promoted education; education and leisure 
created a longing for refined and dissipated pleasures 

The })re8ence of a large number of officials some of whom had come from 
"inerrie England," and had imported its pleasures, its learning, and its refined fol- 
lies, with the native invention of the IVovince, had produced a lengthened repertoire 
of social amusements, while the emoluments of office, and the proceeds of successful 
trade and of productive i)lantations provided the means to gratify the taste of these 
gay and cultivated devotees of fashionable festivities. The theatre ilourished in its 
highest art; the race-track blended excitement for the upper and lower strata of 
pleasure seekers; the l)all room and its elegant and costly entertainments drew to- 
gether a refined and beautiful company of women and learned and handsome men 



"YK ANTIKNT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND." 5 

whose society was sought by the great Washington who often came to Annapolis to 
enjoy the delights of an unending prognunnie of amusements. 

The only place in the Province — nor was its peer to be found in any of the 
American colonies — that offered worsliippers at the shrine of Fashion the opportunity 
to gratify a refined and cultivated desire for the intensest social functions, Annapolis 
had now Ijecome the rendezvous of a learned and dissipated society. The very lack 
of mental eflbrt, suggests Mr. jVfcMahon, the want of useful and energizing employ- 
ment, and the wealth that lay at their command begat a longing for these trivial 
pleasures which they named "enjoyment" because it relieved "from the ennui of the 
moment by occupation." Thus the gaiety, the culture, the cleverness, and the very 
intellect of the Province, from potential causes, were gathered here. Its lawyers 
came to tlie Courts, the Judges to the Bench, the delegates to the House of Burges- 
ses, and even the planters, whose tobacco had brought them fine revenues, journeyed 
with their families to tlie capital to spend the winter amidst the excitements and 
festivities of a legislative session. They built costly and elegant houses as tlieir 
homes, and furnished them in a sl:yle corresponding to their elegance. 

'J'he staple export of the Province — ^tobacco — brought back to the colony, in ex- 
change for its superior quality, the luxuries of the foreign markets. Troops of black 
slaves, as obedient as the captives of the Orient, sui)plied the house with perfect ser- 
vice. Lumbering equipages, or old and rickety stage coaches, generally drawn by 
splendid horses, bore the colonists about the country, while, in the city, the sedan 
chair, carried by lackeys in rich liveries, was tiie luxurious car of the queens of the 
house. These favored people sat on carved chairs, at curious tal)les, "amid piles of 
ancestral silverware, and drank pimch out of vast, costly bowls from Japan, of sipped 
Madeira, half century old." 

Three-fourths of the dwellings of the city gave evidence of the wealth and re- 
finement of the people, while the employment of a French hair-dresser, by one lady, 
at a thousand crowns a year, was a suggestive outcropping of that luxury and wealth 
which made Annapolis the home of a gay and haughty circle of social autocrats. 
Commerce flourished, its merchants imported goods in ships from every sea, and its 
enterprising citizens made special efforts to induce men of all crafts to come and 
settle in their midst. 

Nor was the element of evil wanting in this dwarfed prototype of a European 
capital. Youth, beauty, wealth and learning soon cliastened the rigors of the primi- 



6 ANNAPOLIS. 

tive virtues of the settlers of '"Providence," — the i)ious, original name of Annapolis 
that its Puritan founders gave it — into the refinement of continental manners; yet 
these fascinating and dangerous attractions, while they created a soft and luxurious 
set of mendicants at the feet of social and ofiicial autocracy, did not create the 
fame of Annapolis; for, though the fame of its festivities and the grace and beauty 
of its women, whose charms and manners rivaled the most polished and elegant women 
of the jnother country, were bruited throughout the Provinces, it was for its polish 
and learning that the little city on the Severn was best known amongst the tliirteeu 
colonies. 

Thongh, it is true, "her pleasures, like those of luxurious and pampered life in 
all ages, ministered neither to her happiness nor her purity," yet, that manliness of 
character that the English chronicler of its life at this epoch had noticed, marked 
the bearing of even the humblest of its people, and its citizens at the first call of the 
Revolution responded to the highest attributes of human nature and the loftiest as- 
pirations of unalloyed patriotism. 

This picture of Annapolis would want its best and brightest coloring and the 
right to its title would be clouded if it were unwritten that, in this city of pleasure, 
of Legislatures, of Courts, of proud men, were the best lawyers of America — the 
Jenningses, the Carrolls, Chalmers, Rogers, Hall, the Dulanys, the Chases and the 
Johnsons, for almost all of them went in ])airs, with fatner and son at the bar to- 
gether. Dulany, junior, with his opinions courted by the Bench to aid them in 
elucidating the law, and asked even from the great metropolis of London, domi- 
nated them all. 

From the lawyers sprang the real fame of Annapolis. It was gay, but it halted 
in its gaiety the moment the call for earnest work was made. It was learned; it was 
patriotic; it was capable; it rose in sacrifice, from steep to steep, as the trumpet-note 
of patriotism sounded for greater and more dangerous enterprises for the sake of 
American liberty. At every advance, the lawyers wore in the fore -front— they were 
ever on the outposts to give warning of danger to the liberties of the peojile; their 
clarion tones were always heard calling to battle; they led the conilict in field 
and forum. 

It was to such a community and in such a city; (juick to hear; nervous in 
thought; cultivated in the highest culture of the colonies; jealous of its rights; used 
to severe struggles with the wilderness and their autocratic rulers, that the lawyers 



"YE ANTIENT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND." 7 

of Maryland, or rather of Annapolis, for here the talent of the State was gathered, 
spoke. It was not surprising that the profound polemics in wliich the lawyers of 
Maryland engaged— "Considerations" upon the Stamp Acts and Ministerial policy 
towards America and the arbitrary eudeaver of* Gov, Eden to make revenue laws over 
the head of the General Assembly by Executive Proclamations, — produced results 
that tingled in the very veins of their hearers, and, as they were talked in the ball- 
room, at the theatre, on the race track, at the Coffee House, in the Legislature, in 
their homes,..and reverberated in the Courts, sent contagious sentiments tliroughout 
the American Provinces. 

t^* ^* t^* «i?^ 

It was twilight in early October, 1772. The air was yet warm, and the smokers 
of the Coffee House had come forth to the front parch on Church street to puff and 
talk. Suddenly the dust rose on the Circle arouVid St. Anne's, and a splendid equip- 
age passed in sight of the loungers. The word went quickly down that Col. George 
Washington, of Virginia, had come to the city to pay a visit to Governer Eden, 

The host of the greatest of Americans was a remarkable man. Brother-in-law 
of Lord Baltimore, his family interests urged htm to make the commonwealth pros- 
perous; gifted with great personal graces, diplomatic and yet aggressive, he stirred the 
Province with the mightiest political contest, save the throes^of revolution, that had 
ever engaged the attention of Marylanders, and yet, such was his tact and the mod- 
eration of Marylanders, he was of the last of the royal or proprietary Governors of the 
thirteen colonies to leave America, 

Gov. Eden's exertions raised the funds for a theatre on a commodious plan, and 
a Seminary was established "which, as it will be conducted under excellent regula- 
tions, will shortly preclude the necessity of crossing the Atlantic for the completion 
of a classical and polite education," So wrote William Eddis, ilie first chronicler of 
Annapolis, 

His home, to which Washington was a welcome guest, was the official executive 
mansion of Maryland. The main building was erected by Edmond Jennings, in the 
first half of the seventeenth century. Gov. Horatio Sharpe, who was the Executive 
of ^Maryland from 1753 to 1769, was the first governor to live in this fine old colo- 
nial residence. He rented it from Edmund Jennings. When Gov. Eden was ap- 
pointed Governor in 1769, he purchased it from Mr. Jennings, and built the wings 
and long room. These remained until 1868, when the property passed into the hands 



g ANNAPOLIS. 

of the (iO\ eminent lor the use of the Naval Acudeniy. and was made its 
Library. The house is being repaired and will be used as the residence of the 
Superintendent of the Naval Academy. 

At the time of Wasliington's visit, tlieedilice liad a handsome Court and garden, 
extending, with tlie exception of an intervening lot, to the water's edge. From the 
portico looking to the garden a line prospect regaled the eye. The building consisted 
of two stories, and presented, with its wings, an extensive front. As the visitor 
entered he saw a large room on eiich side of the liall, with several smaller apartments 
— the saloon on the same floor, extending nearly the length of the house. On each 
side of the mansion were a commodious kitchen, carriage-house, and stables, with 
spacious surroundings. "Towards the water," said Mr. David Ridgely, who saw it 
in his day as it was in Eden's, '-the building rises in the middle in a turreted shape. 
It stands detached from other structures, and is altogether a delightful and suitable 
mansion for the chief magistrate of our State." 

It was the anniversary of the proprietary's birth, and (iov. Kden gave "a grand 
entertainment on the occasion to a numerous party; the company brought with them 
every disposition to render each other happy; and the festivities concluded with cards 
and dancing which engaged the attention of their respective votaries till an early 
hour." 

Loath to give up the semblance of political power tliat remained in his hands. 
Gov. Eden lingered until June 2;3rd, 1770, and then left only upon the request of 
tlie Convention of Maryland. The next Governor to occupy his residence was 
Thomas Johnson, — the first one elected by the people of Maryland, through their 
Tjegislature, — who had had tlie honor in Congress to nominate Gen. Washington to 
be Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Armies. 




St. Anne's 

Church, 

Annapolis. 

Draw II liy (;. 
Aldtn Peirsoii 



lo ANNAPOLIS. 

Washington, like a soldier, rose early. He walked towards the Severn. As he 
passed through the wooded fields, he glanced eastward and saw through groves of 
maple and chestnut a fine residence looming up on the brow of a commanding emi- 
nence, and from its rear taking in the vision of the entire harbor of Annapolis and 
the breadth of the Chesapeake to the Isle of Kent. This house, built by John Duft", 
who settled in the colony as early as 1728, was erected as early as 1751, and probably 
much earlier. It was the home place of the talented family of Dulanys, and was oc- 
cupied by them from 1753 to 1808. On the cession of the ground to the Government 
for old Fort Severn in the latter year, it became the residence of the Commander of 
the Fort. It so remained until 1845, when the Fort was transferred to the Navy 
Department and the house was made the residence of the Superintendent of the 
Naval Academy. In 1883, by a commission of naval officers, the house was con- 
demned as unsafe and was torn down, and the superintendent, by funds reserved from 
supplies voted the Academy, proceeded to build the late residence of the super- 
intendent. Congress, that had refused to vote specific monies for this building, re- 
sented the action of the superintendent, and, by proviso inserted, declared tlnit no 
money should be used to complete the offensive structure. There it remained until 
the end of the term of the offending superintendent, a monument of autocratic inde- 
pendence and Congressional indignation. 



The Colonel turned westward and wound his way by an oblong square to the 
Governor's Mansion in time for an early breakfast. As he came down Hanover 
street, he passed two ancient houses, one St. Anne's old rectory, and the other for- 
ever famous in Annai)olitan history. It was the "iVggy Stewart House," then with 
its newness not hurt by storm or shine, for it was only nine years old. Broad and 
low, it had every indication of luxury and comfort that the merchant princes of 
Annapolis enjoyed at that day, when they supported establishments that vied in ele- 
gance and appointment with the official classes. At that time it was the residence of 
Mr. Anthony Stewart. Two years later, October 19th, 1774, Anthony Stewart, for 
having paid the tax on seventeen chests of tea, to escape the indignation of a mob of 
outraged citizens, had, under the protection of Charles Carroll, of CarroUton, to pro- 
ceed to the brig, lying off Windmill Point, apply the match, and listen to the proud 
huzzahs of the delighted multitude as the l*eggy Stewart and its hateful cargo were 
reduced to ashes as a sacrifice on the altar of American liberty. 



"YE ANTIENT CAPITAL OI' MARYLAND. " „ 

Mr. Stewart was a gallant man and a loving husband. When lie found the 
Peggy Stewart must perish, he had the vessel brought up to Windmill Point, now in 
the Naval Academy, so that his invalid wife, from her bed-room window, mio-ht wit- 
ness the conflagration. 




'Peggy Stenuart House. 

Froni the wreck of the Peggy Stewart one notable article was saved — a famous 
punch bowl. For nearly a century it stood on the counter of the old City Hotel, 
the "Mann's Hotel," of colonial memory. On festive occasions, such as the Fourth 
of July, New Year's, and Christmas, around this historic bowl, at the social board, 
have gathered the sages and heroes of the Revolution and the great lights of modern 
Maryland times. When last noted, this souvenir of a memorable event was in pos- 
session of Edward Walton, of Baltimore. The bowl is sixteen inches in diameter, 
four inches deep, and seven inches wide at the bottom. Its history is that it was first 
used at a collation given by Lloyd Dulany at his private residence, now part of the 



12 ANNAPOLIS. 

City Hotel, ti few evenings after the burning of the brig Peggy Stewart, and that, 
among his guests was Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. Mr. Dulany explained to his 
company how he became possessor of this then admired bowl. He said it had been 
sent to him by a friend in England, and had arrived in the Peggy Stewart. He 
added that the captain had assured him that in no way Avas it a part of her cargo, 
and that it was not on her manifest; tliat he had placed it in his cabin, along with 
his private property, and that, after he had fired his brig, he recollected that he had 
promised to deliver the bowl in person. To this statement, Mr. Carroll is represented 
as having smilingly replied: "We accept your explanation, provided the bowl is al- 
ways used to draw this same hind of tea^' Many thousands of Marylanders and 
numerous statesmen of America have drank out of it. 

As the illustrious Virginian passed through the spacious portals of the Governor's 
mansion, he cast his eyes towards King George street and saw another mammoth 
colonial building looming in the mists of morning. Occupied by the Chase family, 
it ffll a sacrifice to fire, April 12th, 1847. 

***** 

Promptly at three in the afternoon, it is assumed that Governor Eden's equip- 
age of state stood at the door of the Executive Mansion. With characteristic prompt- 
nf-ss, Col. Washington descended from his room to the front porch, and Lady Eden 
entered the carriage, followed by Sir Robert and Washington. The coachman in 
livery cracked his whip, and the horses dashed off and turned up Hanover street to 
Marvlaiid Avenue, then known as South-East street. Down South-East street to 
King (ieorge the heavy coach lumbered, the fiery horses scarce able to make a fine 
showing of their mettle under the heavy timbers and tires of the carriage of the period. 

AVhere King George and South-East streets meet, rose a splendid building, 
in the array of commodious residences, it is difficult to say which is the grandest, yet 
some have the courage to contend that this is the most stately of houses in Annapolis, 
being the only colonial residence which is three stories high. It was built by Judge 
Samuel Chase in 1770, that Chase which signed the Declaration of Independence. 
The main feature of the house is its hall of entrance, opening on a lofty porch and 
extending through the house from front to back, a distance of over forty-five feet, 
and being over fourteen feet wide, the large double front door being arched with glass 
transom and having a window on each side. The stairway, opposite the front door, 
begins with a fiight of steps, which rises to nearly half the height of the stairway, 



"YE ANTIENT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND." 13 

ami ends with a platfonn from which a flight of steps diverges on each side, ascend- 
in<>- to a gallery wliich is supported by Ionic pillars. Above the first platform ol the 
staircase rises a triple window, the central part of which is arched, the whole being 
of large proportions, reminding one of some ancient church. At the end of the gal- 
lery above is an arched door with a glass transom. Opening on this gallery, from 
the front, is the door of an apartment, and on each side of the door a niche intended 
for statuarv. 







^T^ 



- -:»iuaotorrmn;^ 



Drawn by G. Aldcii Peirsoii. The Brice Residence, Annapolis, 

The dining room is handsomely ornamente-d in carved wood, and the marble 
mantel-piece of this room represents a scene from Shakspeare in sculpture. This 
house was sold to Governor Edward Lloyd, who was Governor fiom 1809 to 1811. 
A great contention has arisen in these latter times whether this colonial landmark is 
the "Chase Mansion" or the '"Lloyd llesidence. It is now the "Chase Home," for 
ladies of the Protestant Episcopal Church. 

Governor Eden told the gossip of the day: "That house cost Chase a pretty 
l)enny. William Hammond, the attorney, whom you observe has cleared the ground 



14 ANNAPOTJS. 

lor his new house, was paid ten thousand dollers by .Mr Chase not to raise liis house 
high enough to shut off Mr. Chase's view of the bay. With that he will build wings 
to his new residence." 



This is the story that tradition has handed down in the family of -Judge Chase 
to the one from whom the writer received it, willi this charming bit of roujance. Mr. 
lianimoiul, wlien he liad linished his iipnse, wentolfto Pliiiadelphia to buy the furniture 
for it. At that time the mistress of tlie house was al'ready chosen. For two weeks 
after his return from Philadelphia, ^Er. Hammond delayed his visit to his betrothed. 
When (inally he did call upon her, he received a j)eremptory dismissal. In vain he 
pleaded he was so busy about their new nest tliat he' liad not had time to 
call. She would have nought to do with so cold a lover. 

Mr. Jiucklaml was the architect. ItSvas built between 1770 and 1780, and was 
first occuj)ied by Jeremiah Townley Chase, Chief Justice of Maryland, in 1781. The 
house is of IJrick with stone foundations, of some parts being!ive feet thick, and is 
handsomely decorated with wood carving, said to be the best in the country. The 
parlor, a room nineteen by twenty seven-feet, has a carved wainscot surrounding it. 
and the mantle-piece, window and door frames, shutters and doors are carved in 
arabesque. The hoiyge is now occu})ied by the family of the late William liar wood, 
who was a scholar at St. Johns Collejre when LaFavette visited it in 1824. 



At the intersection of what is now College Avenue and King Ceorge street, the 
Gubernatoral carriage passed Gov. Samuel Ogle's House, built by himself. He had 
the honor of being (Jovernor in three different periods — 1732; 1735 — 1742; 174:7 — 
1752. 




Doorm)ay of the Hardwood 
House, Annapolis, 

Built by Wm. Hammond, 
about 1770. 

rhotofrrnpli by Biiffhaiii. Annapolis. 



i6 ANNAl'OI.IS. 

As tlie foacli tiinuHi .sliarjt lo tlu- Icl'i. the inagniliceiit pro|)(»i-li()iis of the ohl 
Jjiberty 'I'ree of !St. .loliii's College Campus came in view on the right. As now, it 
then (iominated every tree of the forest, for it was over twenty feet in circumference, 
its height over a hundred, and its great branches made broad shade upon the briar- 
grotvn Held. It is reasonably supposed to have been a tree of the forest when Colum- 
bus made his earliest discoveries. Washington's next glance caught the bare, huge 
walls of "Bladen's Folly." This staring, crumbling edifice was already known as a 
monument of political independence on the part of the Freemen of ^Maryland and of 
guhernatoral assumptions. The house was designed in 1745 for an Executive ^lansiou. 
It exceeded all former residences of state in its superior position, its commodious 
aitariments, and its beautiful surroundings. The legislature began with a liberal 
hand to supply the funds for its completion, but when (Jov. Bladen attempted to 
lay a tax "of one pound of 'J'obacco on every taxable person" within the Province, 
and to force the collection thereof by execution, the Freemen of AFarylaiid halted 
both in legislation and appropriation, and, for twenty- five years, so the bare, unfin- 
ished walls, tiiat had reached the second story, spoke. Thus it remained until 1785 
when the State donated the grounds and buildings to St. John's College, and the 
edifice was finished and became the JMcDowall Hall of this century. iiov. Eden 
might well have taken lesson from this mute advisor. At this very time he had on 
hand the most memorable of all political contests in Maryland, save the lievolu- 
tionary struggle, that had ever tried the people, caused by a repetition 
on his part of attem})ting to raise revenues by proclamation, this 
time to settle the fees of certain puljlic oflices, against the consentof the Legislature 
and, by the same means, of raising the tax for the clergy from thirty to forty 
pounds of tobacco. 



The car of state moved on, i)assiiig within sight of the foundations of the present 
and third State House in Annajiolis, whose corner-stone had been hiid on the ^8th 
of Marcdi of the year 177^. St. Anne's formed a good curve for the horses to turn 
on, and the old dilapidated church (difice came in view as the carriage rumbled down 
Huke of (Jloucester street, passing in rows on either side colonial homes from jieasant 
to })riiicely dimensions. 'I'here was .lehn Chandler's residence. Hip-roofed and 
com])act, it was then fresh and comely. Afterward it was the residence of the widow 



'YF. ANTIENT CAPITAL OF MARYIvAND." 



17 



of Absiiloni liidgely, merchant Chandler was editor of the Maryland Republican of 
later days, and he came on the scene long after the colonial period. In this lionse, 
only recently pulled down, there came the delightful ghost of the ancient days. 
'J'he writer has this from "an authoritative source," and it must be true because it 
was "handed down in his family." This he will vouch, that the tirst relator of the 
event, and the one whose eye saw, was a woman of courage, intellect and veracity- 
One moonlight night as she lay in bed, a man came and, standing by the bureau, put 



*■ ^Mi^^ 




Carroll cMansion. 

his elbows on the top of it and leaned on it with his head in his hands. The brave 
woman rose, lit a candle and searched the house. The intruder had fled. The next 
morning in telling her cousin and visitor the incident, as she described the strange 

intruder, the cousin exclaimed, "Why, that is Mr. , my betrothed!" A few 

days later word came that at sea, on the very day of the ghostly visitor, Mr. 

had died. 

Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, did not receive a visit that day from the Governor 
of Maryland. He lived in his beautifully located residence on the Spa, whose ter- 
raced garden sloped to the brink of that lovely stream, and whose encroaching tides 



t8 



ANNAPOLIS. 



were stayed by sandstone walls, ornamented by a pavilion of the same material where, 
in the heat and at eve, the proprietor could enjoy the breezes from the water. 
Charles Carrol], of Carrollton, is best described by himself, a little later, May Gth, 
1773, when, in reply to Antilon's question (Antilon being Daniel Dulany's nom. dc 
phune in tlie famous correspondence between Dulany and Carroll upon the Eden 
proclamations), "Who is this citizen?" he said, "A man, Antilon, of independent for- 
tune, one deeply interested in the prosperity of his country; a friend to liberty, a 
settled enemy to lawless prerogative." The cognomen of Mr. Carroll was "First 
Citizen.*' At that time Mr. Carroll was the richest man in America and worth two 
millions. Dulany's taunt came from the fact that Mr. Carroll, being a Catholic, 




"The Liberty Tree; 

St. John 's College Campus, 

Annapolis. 

I'liotdi;';'!''' '">' C'liarks T. Waller. 
Biilliiiiore. 



"YE ANTIENT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND." 19 

was a disfranchised English citizen and could not vote. In tliis old family mansion, 
Charles Carroll of Carrollton, lived until late in the nineteenth century, and then 
left the town he had helped to make famous because the municipal authorities raised 
the taxes upon him. 

The writer was told this story by one who was a participant in it. Mr. Carroll 
owned a ram that grazed in his front yard. The boys of the neighborhood, without 
the knowledge of the owner, had worried the animal until he was quite combative. 
One day he charged so sharply on his tormentors, they were forced to take ref- 
uge behind the great arm chair of Mr. Carroll, as he sat near the door- way. The 
ram went crashing into the chair and knees of the sage of Carrollton as the boys 
dodged more rapidly around the corners of their improvised refuge. Without a 
thought for himself, Mr. Carroll called out to his man-servant, "John, John, 
bring an axe and knock this ram in the head or it will kill some of these boys." 

After the quiet dinner, and the curtains were drawn and the lamps lit, the great 
knockers of the front door, in almost periodic intervals, began to ring out a caller. 
First, Thomas Johnson was announced, and then Daniel Dulany, and afterward 
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, AYilliam Paca^ Samuel Chase and Jeremiah T. Chase, 
John Rogers and Allen Qainn. All subjects were discussed except provincial poli- 
tics. These, though they did not disturb personal friendships, were not congenial 
topics for a social gathering. A notable company — three signers of the Declaration 
of Independence, yet to be writ; one the man in tlie near fnture to nominate "Wash- 
ington to be the Commander of the Continental armies; the last royal Governor 
of the province of Maryland; Dulany — the prodigy of the Colonial bar; and the 
other the immortal Washington himself. The Company retired early, last night's 
function urged it, tomorrow's pleasure demanded it. 

Tuesday, October 0th, was the next day, and this was the date when Col. Lloyd's 
bay mare, Nancy Bywell, won, on the course near Annapolis, the purse of one hun- 
dred guineas, offered by the Annapolis Jockey Club. The same day, the Give and 
Take purse of fifty pounds was won by Mr. Master's bay mare. Black Legs. The 
whole week the city and county, with attendant strangers, were in a ferment over the 
races. On Tuesday, W. Fitzhugh's horse, liegulus, was winner; on Wednesday, ^Ir. 
McCarty's bay colt, Achilles, had the honors; on Thursday, Mr. Ijams' bay colt, Gar- 
rat, secured the purse and laurels; and on Friday, Mr. Ijams was again in luck with 



ANNAPOLIS. 



his buy horse. Silver Legs. 'J'he first day the purse was 100 guineas, and on the 
three following days fifty pounds. General W^ishingtou records in his diary tliat 
he won live pounds in an Annapolis race. 



Thui'sday night we shall go with Washington to the theatre on West Street. 
TIk' play was '-The West Indian, and the Padlock, Muiigo, (for the last time this 
season), by JNFr. Hallam.'" Tliere were theatre goddesses in those days. A local cor- 
respondent tells in the (lazette: '-Pity it is that being so well satisfied with the coni- 
jiany in general the Anna])olitans shOuld, at last,- have their indignation excited by 
the contemptuous and ungrateful l)eliavior of !Mrs. Henry, who not only refused to 
gratify them in the only way in which slie is superiorly qualified to please, but had 
not even the compliance to offer an apology for denying their re([uest. lUit, if we 
regret that our good humor should, at length, have been tired out by the insolence of 
this princess, we lament still more feelingly that our displeasure should, even in ap- 
pearance, have fallen on two performers so deservedly possessed of our favor and es- 
teem as ^Frs. Morris and ^Ir. Wigncll, while the audience were bent on hearing Mrs. 
Henry sing." 



Decenil)er lit, 1783, General George Washington arrived in Annapolis to return 
his military commission to Congress. This he did in the Senate Chamber of Mary- 
land on the 23d of December. On the evening of December 22nd, a ffrand ball was 
given Washington l)y the (ieneral Assembly of Maryland in the State House. On 
that occasion tradition tells us tluit the committee in charge had picked out a lady 
Avith whom Washington was to open the ball. He stepped over the heads of the com- 
mittee and chose his own partner, Mrs. James Mackubin, one of the most beautiful 
women of the day. Her maiden name was Martha Rowe. She was the ancestor of 
]\rrs. Julia i^.illard, wife of Commodore Ballard, U. S. N., and, also, of Mrs. Julia 
Kent Walton, wife of Dr. 11. Roland Walton, of Annapolis 



'■YH ANTIHNT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND.' 






















Pliotojjr:i]ih by BulTiiinu, Aimripolis 



The Paca Mansion, Annapolis. 



It is the tniditioii in tlie L*inkney family that William L'iukuey, "the greatest of 
advocates," as Daniel Webster designated him, lived in the house on Charles street, 
now occupied by Dr. George AVells. This building is a fine specimen of the work 
done by the mechanics of a hundred years ago. Broad, solid, commodious, its walls 
are as strong and perfect as when first laid. The present owner keeps it in complete 
repair. Like all the old Annapolis residences, when built, and for many years after- 
wards, it had the amplitude of delightful space iibout it. 



22 



ANNArOLIS. 



Directly across the street from the Pinkney House is the residence of Jonas 
(ireen, tlie Cohmial printer. y\r. Green printed tlie famous Maryland (iazette in 
this house, and his descendants now own the well-))uilt dwelling of curious design. 
"JMie proprietor and his paper are parts of Annajjolitan life in the troublous times fiom 
the Stamp Act of 1765 to the close of the American IJevolution. At the latter per- 
iod, it was primed by the founder's descendants, but the paper, as in all other con- 
flicts with arbitrary authority, Avas on the side of the people and i)opular rights. 
Started in 1745 by Jonas Green, the ]\raryland (iazette remained in the same family 
until 1839, when it ceased to exist. A file of the paper from its establishment to 
its cessation is in the Maryland State Library — a wealth of quaint and curious lore. 




The ^rice T^sidence. 

The tliird visit, for chronological purposes, — though there were visits innumer- 
able to Annapolis by this hero, — of Washington to Annapolis, was on March 2r)th, 
1791. He came then as President of the United States. The little city was in a 
whirl of delightful excitement during the entire stay of its grand visitor. All care 



"YE ANTIRNT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND. 23 

seemed suspended, and the inhubitants of the town were made ^'happy in contem- 
plating him whom they considered as their fastest friend, as well as the most exalted 
of their fellow-citizens, and the first of men." There were dinners and a ball and 
pleasant letters, and a continuous round of courtesies to the distinguished guest. 
"Washington visited 8t. John's College, no longer a dilapidated ruin, but capacious 
and imposing in its rehabilitation. Here he installed his ward, (Jeorge Washington 
Parke Custis as a student, and where he also had two nephews as pupils of the College. 
The (Jeneral saw other improvements in Annapolis, since the time he came as 
Colonel Washington of the Virginia forces. In his morning stroll he saw the Brice 
residence that Edmund Jennings had built for his son-in-law, one of the Brices. 
Its mammoth proportions still delight the eye, as its great wings and main building 
spread outward and upward in commodious proportions. Tradition lingers about irs 
spacious walls to tell that its wine-cellars alone cost fifty thousand dollars. It is 
colonial in every aspect. Its ghostly occupant appears at even-tide as a gentle lady, 
that comes noiselessly in and peers sadly in the faces of the people, as she leans, face 
in hand, pensively on the great mantle of the room, and then disappears as softly as 
she came. 

Then it has treasure hidden away in some unknown place in its walls. The 
searcher after these valuables who came closest to finding them was Thomas Mur- 
dock, the inventor of a famous white-wash of such penetrating powers that as soon 
as the brush touched even a granite boulder, the liquid went straight to the center 
of the rock. White-washing the great cellars one day, Murdock relates that he saw 
a stone behind which he knew there was money. He pulled out the door to the 
treasure-trove, and was convinced that he was on the path of the hidden wealth, 
when a spider, with a head as large as two doubled fists, came forth. Murdock 
struck at it with the handle of his brush, and the huge insect bit off" the end of it as 
nonchalently as thougli ic were taking a quid of the weed, "That convinced me," con- 
tinued the narrator, "that the money was not for me, and I left." 

Another improvement that the distinguished visitor saw between his colonial 
and present visit was the handsome and stately residence of (rov. William Paca, 
This garden then, perhaps more than any spot in the capital, indicated the delight- 
ful life of Annapolis, that yet lingered after the Kevolution, though feeling already, 
under the new regime, the symptoms of decay. The spring house, the broad ex- 
panse of trees and shrubbery, the octagonal two-story summer-house, that represented 



24 ANNAPOLIS. 

"My Jiiuly's Bower," the artificial brook, fed by two springs of water, that went rip- 
pling along to the bath-house that refreshed in the sultry drys, and gave delight to 
the occupants of the splendid old dwelling, form a picture tradition loves to dwell 
upon, and which is clearly writ on the annals of departed glories in the remains of 
the great walls, with its apertures to let in the fresh air, that still lie in crumbling 
ruins along King George street. 

Time would fail to tell of Aunt Kitty Smith's famous cook shop where such 
delicious pastry was made, the curious records of old St. Anne's, the days of King 
William's School, the shipyards, the famous town meetings, the lordly banquets to 
distinguished visitors and honored sons, the splendid battles the General Assembly 
maJe for the liberties of the people, the grand polemics published in the Gazette; to 
quote its poets, and name its belles — they all linger and hallow its streets and history 
— graceful decorations of a delightful and departed age. 

These stately houses, these great names, the ennobling history of magnificent 
events, the charming traditions of men and things, give to Annapolis the intensest 
charm to those who love to dwell on the lives and thoughts of the fathers. Annapo- 
lis wants nothing in its annals to make it the lawful legatee of all that is ancient, 
honorable and delightful in American history. Its patriotism was intensest; its cul- 
ture broad; its statesmanship wise; its women lovely; its life gay, happy, progressive. 
Not only are its homes adorned with the wrinkles of honorable old age but its stately 
houses and streets tell of the days when each family had its familiar spirit, and 
every dark corner its ghost or goblin. Tliey too, .with one excejition, as the modern 
made inroad on the ancient, have all departed. One mysterious visitor, from an un- 
known realm, yet lingers on the threshold of the new era. It is the headless man 
that, at midnight, walks down (ireen street and invades the Market Space, to whose 
existence many witnesses have testified, of tradition old and others living yet. The 
last time he was seen was an early summer morning about eight years ago. Mr. Ran- 
dolph Tjowman, a soft crabber, rose between two and three o'clock in the morning to 
foll(j\v his occupation. He proceeded from his house on Cornhill street to the Market 
Space, to call his fellow-crabber, Mr. Benjamin Holliday. At the Market House he 
was terrified to see the headless man of tradition. He turned to seek the shelter of 
his home. AVhen he arrived almost breathless at his door-step, about a hundred 
yards from the Space, there he saw standing and awaiting him the same headless 
mai . With a .^liriek of fear, Mr. I.owman fell in a swoon, where, a few minutes 
after, .Mr. Hollidav found him. 



"YE ANTIENT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND. 25 



SETTLEMENT OF ANNAPOLIS. 



CHAl'TKR L 

PUllITANS FOUND ANNAI'OLIS. 

1608. The Indians were the first to occupy the siteol" Annapolis. Tiie records 
of tlieir habitation remain in the occasional well-shapen arrow and finely-modelled 
tomahawk that the furrow of tlie farmer upturns in the vicinity, or the showers of 
heaven wash from the earth. 

The white man, who first saw the fair hills of Severn, was the famous Captain 
John Smith, of Virginia, who, in 1608, made his celebrated voyage up the Chesa- 
peake, and, from his description of his journey, passed the mouth of the Severn. 

1648. The settlement of Annapolis was due to events as novel as a romancer's 
imaginings. 

The Protestant governor ruled in Virginia, a Catholic proprietary reigned in 
Maryland. The liberality, which professors of a similar faith might be reasonably 
expected to exhibit to each other, was sadly wanting in the Churchmen of Virginia 
towards their Puritan brethern, and, in the year 1648, the authorities of Virginia, 
discovering that the Congregational or Independent Church, f-ormed in 1642, had, 
by the aid of secret meetings, notwithstanding the laws against it, increased to one 
hundred and eighteen members, began a rigorous execution of their penal statutes 
against the Puritans. Their conventicle was broken up, and the members of it were 
scattered in diflerent directions. 

Near the close of the year 1648, the elder of the Independents, Mr. Durand, took 
refuge in Maryland, Negotiations for a settlement of the Independents very soon 
began, and the persecuted Puritans were offered an asylum in Maryland, provided 
they who would hold land, would take the oath of allegiance to Lord Baltimore. 

This oath the Puritans agreed to take. In 1649, a small company from Richard 
Bennett's plantation, at Nansemond, Va., in all about ten families arrived, and set- 
t\ed at Greenberry's Point. A tract of 250 acres was surveyed, and divided into ten 



26 ANNAPOLIS. 

' acre lots, each seller receiving one, and the balance being given to Bennett. The 
town was to have been here, because the lots were spoken of as "The Town Land at 
(ireenberry's Point." Subsequently lots were located on the present site of Annap- 
olis, the only one that can be recognized at this date was that of Tliomas Todd. 
The water front of this lot began at a point on the haibor line and ran up to the 
mouth of Spa Creek. 

The Puritans who formed this colony were, with few exceptions, the sturdy sons 
of the English yeomanry. Warrosquoyackeq County, or Isle Wight, afterward called 
Norfolk County, Va„ lying south of the James, was the centre of the Puritan district, 
from whence the settlers of Providence came. Edward Bennett, a wealthy London 
merchant, who had obtained in 1621, a large grant of land on the Nansemon dRiver, 
south of the James, when he came to Virginia, had brouglit witli him a considerable 
number of Puritans. Edward Bennett was their patriarch, llev. William Bennett, at 
relative, their spiritual leader, and Richard Bennett, son of Edward, became the J 
Moses of the Virginia Puritans when they made their exodus from Virginia intoi 
]\Iaryland. 

Descended from this hardy stock of sturdiest English, indoctrinated in the tenets 
of their austere faith, inheritors of trials and persecutions, their subsequent rebelious 
yet courageous conduct in Maryland was the natural sequence of their blood, religion 
and education. 

Soon after their arrival at Providence, Governor St6ne urged upon the Puritans 
the oath of allegiance to Lord Baltimore, telling them unless they took it, "they must 
have no land, nor abidijig in the Province." 

The Puritans refused, haggling especially at the expressions in the oath, attri- 
buting to Lord Baltimore royal jurisdiction and "absolute dominion," which latter 
"they exceedingly scrupled." They also objected to the oath because ''they must 
swear to uphold that government and those officers who were sworn to countenance 
and uphold anti-Christ — in plain words expressed in the officer's oath — the Roman 
Catholic religion." 

Ijord Baltimore's friend, Mr. John Langford, very ai)tly replied to these objec- 
tions that "there was nothing promised by my lord or Captain Stone to them, but 
what was })erformed. They were first ac(iuainted by Captain Stone, before they came 
there with that oath of fidelity which was to be taken by those who would have any 
laud there from his lordship; nor hadthey any regret to the oath, till they were as 



"YE ANTIENT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND." 27 

much refreshed with tlieir entertainment there, as the sntike in the fable was with 
the countryman's breast; for which some of them are equally thankful. Jiut it is 
now, it seems, thought by some of these people, too much below them to take an oath 
to the lord proprietary of that Province, though many Protestants, of much better 
quality, have taken it, and, (which is moretlian can be hoped for some of these men,) 
kept it. As to the government there, they knew it very well before they came 
thither; and, if they had not liked it, tliey might have foreborne coming or staving 
there; for they were never forced to either. The chief officers, under my lord there, 
are Protestants. The jurisdicU?>n exercised there by them is no other than Avhat is 
warranted by his lordship's patent of that Province, which gives him the power and 
privileges of a count palatine there, depending on the supreme authority of England, 
with power to make laws with the people's consent; without which powers and privi- 
leges his lordship would not have undertaken the plantation, and have been at so 
great a charge, and run so many hazards he hatii done for it." * * * There are 
none svvorn to upheld anti-Christ, as Mr. Strong falsely suggests; nor doth the oath 
of fidelity bind any man to maintain any other jurisdiction or dominion of my lord's, 
than what is granted by his patent. Though some of these people (it seems) think 
it unfit that my lord should have such a jurisdiction and dominion there, yet they, it 
seems, by their arrogant and insolent proceedings, tiiink it fit for them to exercise 
far more absolute jurisdiction and dominion there than my Lord Baltimore ever did; 
nor are they contented with freedom for themselves of conscience, person and estate, 
(all of which are established to them by law there, aud enjoyed by them in as ample 
a manner as ever any people did in any place in the world,) unless they may have 
liberty to debarr others from the like freedom, and that they may domineer and do 
what they please." 

So obstinately did these people refuse to comply with the obligation they took, 
to obtain an asylum in Maryland, they remained entirely outside the pale of Lord 
Baltimore's government, and obstructed the formation of a county for a year. 



CIIAPTEK IL 

THE COURTS OF ANNE ARUNDEL ESTAHLISHEI). 

1650. Providence, by April, 1650, had recovered sufficiently from its scruples 
of conscience to elect delegates to the General Assembly, that convened at St. Mary's 
on the Gth of that month. 



28 ANNArOLIS. 

The Ciovernor's rct'irn from rrovidence was, ''By the lieutenant, &c.. of Mary- 
hind. 'I'he freemen of that part of tliis province of Maryland, now callefl Providence, 
being by my appointment duly summoned to this present assembly, did unanimously 
make choice of Mr. Puddington and Mr. James Cox, for their burgesSfs, Ibeing there 
in person at the time." 

The reconciliation, effected by (ioverner Stone, promised to be permanent. The 
House chose Mr. James Cox, of Providence, their speaker, and the Assembly passed 
the following: 

'•An Act for the erecting of Providence into a county by the name of Annarun- 
del County. 

Be it enacted by the Lord Proprietary, by and with the assent and approbation 
of the Upper and Lower House of this Assembly. That, that part of the province 
of ^laryland, on the west side of the Bay of Chesapeake, over against the Isle of 
Kent, formerly called by the name of Providence by the inhabitants there residing 
and inhabiting this year, shall henceforth be created into a shire, or county, by the 
name of Annarundel county, and by that hereafter to be ever called." 

It was probably so called from the maiden name of Lady Baltimore then lately 
deceased. Lady Anne Arundel, the daughter of Lord Arundel, of AVardour, whom 
Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, had ma,rried 

After the adjournment of the General Assembly, Governor Stone, in July, 1650, 
visited Providence, and organized it into a county, mider the name of Anne Arundel. 

A commission was issued by the Governor to Mr. Edward Lloyd, gentleman, 
appointing him "to be commander of Anne Arundel County, until the Lord Pro- 
prietary should signify to the contrary." James Ilomewood, Thomas Meares, Thomas 
Marsh, (ieorge Puddington, Matthew Hawkins, James Merryman and Henry Carlyn 
were, with Commander Lloyd, appointed commissioners of the county. 

The commission of Commander Lloyd gave him, with the approval of the other 
commissioners, the right to issue "warrants and commissions, and for all other mat- 
ters of judicature, with whom you. Commander Lloyd, are to consult in all matters 
of importance concerning your said county." 

This commission was signed by Governor Stone at Providence, July 30, 1G50. 

The day before the above was issued. Governor Stone had given a commission to 
the Commander of Anne Arundel authorizing him "to grant warrants for land with- 
in the said county to adventurers or planters, according to his lordship's conditions 



"YE ANTIENT CAPITA!. OF MARYLAND." 29 

of plantations, whereupon such land shall happen to be due to such adventurers or 
planters respectively." "The warrants, together with the particular demands or as- 
signments upon which the same shall be granted, to be entered upon record by his 
lordship's secretary of the said province." 

Though the political storm had calmed, all was not Avell in the infant colony. 
The Indian was still a near neighbor, and though generally peaceable, his savage 
nature had displayed itself in the murder of some of the citizens of the new county in 
a most cruel and inhuman manner. 

These murderers were supposed to be Susquehannocks, a powerful and war-like 
tribe, who inhabited all that section which extends from the Patuxent to the Susque- 
hanna river on the Western shore, and all that part that lies between the Choptank 
and Susquehanna Rivers on the Eastern side of the Bay. The General Assembly of 
1650, passed an Act to punish the murderers and their abettors. 

No account has come down to us of the result of these preparations made in 
pursuance of this Act, although the silence of our records raises the presumption that 
the traditional peace of the colony with the Indians was also unbroken in this case. 

Meanwhile, with the usual activity of Englishmen, the colony carried on a brisk 
trade with those Indians whose peaceable methods led them in the avenues of barter 
and exchange. 

CHAPTER III. 

THE PURITANS REFUSE TO SEND DELEGATES TO THE LEGISLATURE OF 1G51. 

The Puritans who settled at Annapolis were a restless set, with itching ears, who 
seemed never so satisfied, as when they were in open opposition to the powers that 
were. 

The General Assembly of 1650 had modified the oath of allegiance to Lord Bal- 
timore, carefully expunging the objectionable phrases '-absolute lord" and "royal 
jurisdiction." In tlieir place was inserted "that they would defend and maintain ail 
such of his lordship's just and lawful right, title, interest, privileges, jurisdictions, 
})rcrogatives, propriety and dominion over and in the said province, &c., not anywise 
understood to infringe or prejudice liberty of conscience in point of religion." 

This, for a time, tranquilized the settlers at Providence, but the next year, 1651, 
when they were called upon to send delegates to the General Assembly, they peremp- 
torily refused. 



30 ANNArOLIvS. 

'J'lie reason lor this refusal has not been preserve'!, but it is generally tlnnight it 
Avas because the Puritans believed that the proprietary government Avouhl be over- 
thrown by t'romwell, who was steadily advancing in power. 

Lord Jialtimore heard ol" the conduct of the Puritans with indignation. Under 
date of Aug. 20, 1051, he wrote to "William Stone, Esq., his lieutenant of his said 
jirovince of Maryland, and to his right trusty and well beloved, the Upper and Lower 
Houses of the General Assembly there, and to all other of his officers and inhabitants 
of his province," expressing his "wonder at a message which he understood was 
lately sent by one Mr. Lloyd, from some lately seated at Anne Arundel within his 
said province of ]\[aryland to his General Assembly, held in St. IMary's in March last, 
and his unwillingness to impute either to the author or deliverer thereof so malign a 
sense of ingratitude and other ill affections its it may seem to bear; conceiving rather, 
that it proceeded from some apprehensions in them at the time, grounded upon some 
reports in these parts of a dissolution or resignation here (in England) of his patent 
and right to that province." After declaring these rumors to be false and referring 
the Puritans to Mr. Harrison, their former pastor, who was then in England, for the 
truth of these assertions, Lord Baltimore added, "in consideration of a better com- 
pliance from these people with his government there for the future, he should not 
any further expostulate, or make any further reflection on that message, till further 
occasion given him by them, and if such admonition did not prevail then, that he would 
make use of his authority, with the assistance of well affected persons, to compel such 
factions and turbulent spirits to a better compliance with the lawful government 
there." He accordingly willed and required "his lieutenant to proceed with all such 
as shall be for the future refractory on that kind; and in case any of the English in- 
habitants of that province should at any time hereafter refuse or neglect to send bur- 
gesses to our General Assembly, there being lawfully summoned for that purpose, he 
wills and requires all the members of the said Assembly, which shall lawfully meet 
upon such summons to proceed, as they ought, as they may lawfully do, in all business 
belonging to the General Assembly there, notwithstanding any such refusal, or neglect 
as aforesaid, and to fine all such refusers or neglectors according to their demerits; 
and moreover, in case of their persistency in such refusal or neglect, then, that they 
be declared enemies to the public peace of the province, and rebels to the lawful gov- 
ernment thereof, and be proceeded against accordingly." 



"YK antip:nt capital of MARVLANU." 31 

The conduct of these Puritans was especially ungrateful, since, received by Lord 
Baltimore when professors of the Protestant religion had refused them domicil, their 
asylum in jViarylund liad cost Lord Baltimore the enmity of Charles II, then in exile 
upon the continent. So great was the displeasure of the young king, that Lord Bal- 
timore had given the Puritans a settlement in Maryland, that he, the natural friend 
of the proprietary, in spite of Lord Baltimore's undoubted right to name his lieuten- 
ant in the province, appointed Sir William Davenant, Governor of Maryland, alleging 
in the commission that Davenant was so appointed "because the Lord Baltimore did 
visibly adhere to the rebels in England, and admitted all kinds of sectaries and" 
schismatics, and iil-aflected persons in that province." 



CHAPTEK IV. 

While Maryland was made a shuttle-cock in the hands of opposing forces, the 
Puritans of Severn addressed a petition to the Commissioners of the Commonwealth^ 
remonstrating against the imposing of an oath, required by Lord Baltimore, which 
would make them swear subjection to a government where the Ministers of State are 
bound by oath to countenance and defend the "Eoman Popish religion." 



CHAPTER V. 

Information of Cromwell's elevation to the protectorate, having been received, 
Covernor Stone proclaimed him Protector on the Sixth of June, 1654. The same 
year, on the Fourth of July, Governor Stone, in public proclamation, charged the 
commissioners, Bennett and Claiborne, and the whole Puritan party, mostly of Anne 
Arundel, with drawing away the people, and leading them into faction, sedition, and 
rebellion against the Lord Baltimore." 

This proclamation is not now extant, but Mr. Leonard Strong, a Puritan writer, 
and a leading citizen of Providence, contemporaneous with the document, says that 
the paper called "that which was done by commission from the Council of State in 
England, rebellion against the Lord Baltimore, and those that were actors in it fac- 
tious and seditious persons, which was done by a proclanation full of railing terms, 
published at Providence in the church meeting." 

Bennett and Claiborne promptly returned to IMaryland. Eleven days from the 
date of Governor Stone's proclamation, "they applied themselves to Capt. William 



32 ANNAPOI.LS. 

Stone, the (iovernor unci Council of Maryhiiul," "in a peaceable and loving way to 
persuade them into their due and jiromised obedience to the commonwealth of 
England." 

'J'he commissioners, in their published statement of the occurrence, declared 
that (iovernor and Council, '"returning only opprobious and uncivil language, present- 
ly mustered his whole force of men and soldiers in arms, intending to surprise the 
said commissioners, and to destroy all those that had refused the same unlawful oath, 
and only kept themselves in their due obedience to the commonwealth of England under 
which they were reduced and settled by the parliament's authority and commission- 
Then the said commissioners, in quiet and peaceable manner, with some of the people 
of Patuxent and Severn went over the River of Patux'jnt, and there at length received 
a message from the said Capt. Stone, that the next day ho would meet and treat in 
the woods; and thereupon being in some fear of a party come from \'irginia, he con- 
descended to lay down his power, lately assumed from the Lord Baltimore and to 
submit, to such government as the commissioners should appoint under his highness 
the lord protector." 

1654. Frequent and violent changes in the government of the province had 
their legitimate sequence. 

On the last reducement of tlie Maryland government by Bennett and Claiborne, 
.)uly 15th, 1G54, they had appointed Capt. William Fuller, Mr. Richard Preston, Mr. 
William Durand, Mr. Edward Lloyd, Captain John Smith, Mr. Leonard Strong, John 
Lawson, Mr. John Hatch, Mr. Richard AVells, and Mr. Richard Ewen, or any four of 
them, whereof Captain William Fuller, Mr. Richard Preston, or Mr. AVilliam Durand> 
to be always one, to be commissioners, for the well ordering, directing and governing 
tiie affairs of .Maryland, under his highness, the Lord Protector of England, Scotland, 
Ireland and the dominions thereof, and in his name only, and no other. The com- 
mission gave authority to hold courts, to summon an assembly, and prohibited 
Roman Catholics from voting! 

The names and the s})irit of the commission bear evidence that the majority of 
the commissioners were Puritans of Providence and its adjacent settlements. 

Captain Fuller and his associates summoned a Legislature, and it began its ses- 
sions at I'atuxent, October 20th, 1054; the Assembly sitting as one House. The 
most remarkable law of this Legislature was the one that '-enacted and declared that 
none who profess and exercise the Popish (commonly called the Roman Catholic) 



"YE ANTIENT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND." 33 

religion can be protected in this province by tlie laws of England, formerly estab- 
lished and yet unrepealed." 

Never had the fable of the camel, who asked to put his nose in the Araij's tent, 
and who finally turned the owner out, been more completely realized than it was with 
the Puritans and Catholics of Maryland. Stringent laws were passed by the same 
Assembly against drunkenness, swearing, false reports, slandering, talebearing, vio- 
lations of the Sabbath, and acts of adultery and fornication. 

An act was also passed changing the name of Anne Arundel County to the 
County of Providence, and prescribing the bounds thereof to be Herring Creek, in- 
cluding all the plantations and lands unto the bounds of Patuxent County (supposed 
to be the present Calvert,) that is, to the creek called "Mr. Marshe's Creek, other- 
wise called Oyster Creek." 

1655. All was peace in the Province until January 1655, when the ship Golden 
Fortune, Capt. Tillman, arrived in Maryland. On it came a gentleman named 
Eltonhead, who brougiit the information "that the Lord Baltimore kept his patent 
and that his Highness (the Lord Protector) had neither taken the Lord Baltimore's 
patent from him nor his land." 

By tne same ship it appears came a letter from Lord Baltimore upbraiding Gov- 
ernor Stone for resigning up his government unto the hands of the Lord Protector 
and commonwealth of England, without striking one blow. 

Governor Stone needed no more encouragement to act. He re-assumed the 
duties of his office under his former commission, and determined to make a manly 
struggle to obtain possession uf the government of the province. He proceeded im- 
mediately to issue military commissions to officers, and to organize an armed force 
in the loyal county of St. Mary's. 

Which of the two sides. Lord Baltimore's or the Commissioners, Cromwell sus- 
tained is difficult to tell, in view of two letters on the subject, one written January 
12th, 1655, and the other September 26th, which are palpable contradictions of each 
other. This conflict of rights had gone so far, war, and not words, could only de- 
cide it. 

The overt act was committed by Governor Stone, who despatched Mr. John 
Hammond to recover the records of the province and to seize a magazine of arms and 
ammunition, gathered at ^\i: Richard Preston's house at Patuxent, and belonging to 
the Puritans. 



34 ANiNAPOLIS. 

yiv. ilainmoiul says: "1 went unarmed amongst the sons of tl) under, only three 
or four to row me, and despite all their braves of raising the country, calling in his 
servants to apprehend me, threatened me with the severity of their new made law, 
myself alone seized and carried away the records in defiance." 



CHAPTER Vl. 

THE BATTLE OF THE SEVERN. 

1055. About tlie 20th of March, 1655, Covernor Stone started from St. Mary's 
to liring tlie unruly Puritans of Providence into subjection to Lord Baltimore's gov- 
ernment. The forces of the Ciovernor consisted of one hundred and t^iirty men. 
Part of these marched by laiul up the southern peninsula, and were ferried across 
the mouths of rivers and creeks in eleven or twelve small boats which the (Jovernor 
liad pressed into his service. 

On the a})pearance of Governor Stone and his fleet at the moutli of the Severn, 
Capt. Fuller, commander of the Puritans, called his counsellors together, and sent 
his secretary, Mr. William Durand, and another of his counsellors, on hoard tlu' mer- 
chant ship. Golden Lyon, Rogers lleamans, captain, then lying in the iiarbor. 
There they made a requisition upon the captain for the services of himself, his shij); 
and his crew, in defense of the town. Durand, at the same time, posted on the main- 
mast a proclamation by which Heamans "was required in the name of the Protector 
and Commonwealth of England, and for the maintenance of the just liberties, lives 
and estates of the free subjects thereof, against an unjust power, to be aiding and as- 
sisting in this service." Heamans manifested a real or fictitious unwillingness to 
take })art in the engagement, but says, after seeing the equity of the cause, and the 
groundless proceedings of the enemy, he offered himself, ship and men, for the service, 
to be directed by the same counsellors. Dr. Barber, a partizan of Governor Stone, 
says, Heamans was hired by the Puritans to take the part he afterward played. 

Heamans relates that, on seeing the "company of sloops and boats making to- 
wards the ship, the council on board, and the ship's company would have made shot 
at them, but this relator commanded them to forbear, and went himself upon the 
poop in the stern of the ship, and hailed them several times, and no answer was made. 
He then charged them not to come nearer the ship, but the enemy kept rowing on 
their way and were come within shot of the shij); his mates and company having had 



"YE ANTIKNT CAPITAL OF MARYLANQ." 35 

inrorniiitioii of their threatenings, as well against the sliip as the poor distressed 
people, resolved to fire upon them without their commander's consent, rather than 
hazard all by the enemy's nearer approach, whereupon he ordered them to fire a gun 
at random to divert their course from the shin, hut the enemy kept still course right 
with the ship, and took no notice of any warning given. He then commanded his 
gunner to fire upon them, but one of his mates, Mr. Robert Morris, who knew the 
country very well, the malice of the adversary against these people who were then 
near worn out with fears and watchings, made shot at them, which came fairly Avith 
them; whereupon they suddenly altered their course from the ship, and rowed into 
the creek, calling the ship's company dogs, rogues, and round-headed rogues, and 
with many execrations and railings, threatened to fire upon them in the morning." 

Governor Stone entered the mouth of Spa Creek which forms the southern 
boundary of the present city of Annapolis, and landed his forces on Horn Point, a 
Peninsula opposite Annapolis, and south of Spa Creek. 

While the Governor was landing his men, Capt. Heamans fired another shot up- 
on them. "The shot thereof lighting somewhat near to them, the Governor deemed 
it most prudent to send a messenger on board the Golden Lyon to know the reason 
of their conduct, with directions to the messengers to inform the captain of the ship 
that he (Gov. Stone) thought the captain of the ship was satisfied. "To which, 
Captain Heamans, who and a younger brother," Mrs. Stone says, "were great stick- 
lers in the business answered in a very blustering manner — "Satisfied with what? 
I never saw any power Captain Stone had, to do as he hath done, but the super- 
scription of a letter. I must, and will, appear for these in a good cause." 

"I'he same night," says Heamans, "came further intelligence from the enemy in 
the harbor, that they were making fireworks against the ship." On this the Puri- 
tans 'commanded a small ship of Captain Cut's, of New England, then in the river, 
to lie in the mouth of the creek to prevent the enemy's coming fortli in the night, to 
work any mischief against the ship " 

The St. Mary's men evidently looked upon the campaign as one of certain tri- 
umph, and like Goliath of Gath, before the armies of Israel, they defied the hosts of 
the Puritans. 

Approaching on the morrow by a narrow neck of land, near which their vessels 
were moored, the cavaliers, with sound of drum and railings loud, called to their 



36 ANNAPOIJS. 

enemies: "Come, ye rogues; come, ye rogues; rouudheaded dogs." On this tlie C'a{)- 
tain of the(iolden Lyon tired his fourth ;uid this time, fatal shot, killing one of the 
St. Slary's men. 

The day, the 25th of ilarch, was the Sabl)at]i, hut religion and fighting are pro- 
fessions the i'uritans always mix. So while the (Jovernor was putting his troops in 
in martial array, the Puritans were already in his rear.Their little band of one hun- 
dred and twenty, under Capt. Wm. Fuller, had marched out of town, around the head 
of Spa Creek, a detour of six miles, and now appeared behind the Governor's army. 

The sentry of the St. Mary's men fired the signal shot, when "Captain Fuller 
still expecting, that tlien, at least, possibly they might give a reason of their coming, 
commanded his men, upon pain of death, not to shoot a gun, or give the first onset, 
setting up the standard of the commonwealth of England, against which the enemy, 
shot five or six guns, and killed one man in the front before the shot was made by 
the other. "Then," continues Mr. Leonard Strong, "the word was given, 'In the 
name of God fall on; God is our strength.' " The cry of the St. Mary's men was, 
"Hey, for St. Mary's." Thus the battle of the Severn began. 

The charge was fierce but brief. "Through the glorious presence of the Lord of 
Hosts," says the contemporary author, "manifested in and towards hiri poor oppress- 
ed people, the enemy could not endure, but gave back; and were so effectually charged 
home, that they were all routed, turned their backs, threw down their arms, and 
begged for mercy. After the first volley of shot, a small company of the enemy, from 
behind a great tree fallen, galled us, and wounded divers of our men, but were soon 
driven off. Of the whole company of Marylanders, there only escaped four or five? 
who ran away out of the army to carry news to their confederates. Capt. Stone, 
Colonel Price, Capt. Gerrard, Capt. Lewis, Capt. Kendall, (probably Fendall), Capt. 
Guither, Major Chandler, and all the rest of the counsellors, officers, and soldiers of 
the Lord Baltimore, among whom both commanders and soldiers, a great number be- 
ing Papists, were taken, and so were their vessels, arms, ammunition, provisions, 
about fifty men slain and wounded. We lost only two men in the field, but two died 
since of their wounds. God did appear wonderful in the field, and in the hearts of 
the people, all confessing Him to be the only worker of this victory and deliverance." 
However much the Puritans attributed the fate of battle to the Almighty, after 
the contest was once over, they laid aside his precepts and proceeded to close matters 
after their own will. Dr. I'arber, an author of that period, writing in the interests 



"YK ANTIRNT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND." 37 

of the St. Mary's men, says: "After tlie skirmish, tlie (Jovernor, upon quarter given 
him and all his company in the field, yielded to be taken prisoners, but two or three 
days after, the victors condemned ten to death, and executetl four, and bad executed 
all, bad not tbe incessant petitioning and begging of some good women saved some, 
and the soldiers otiiers; tlie Governor himself being condemned by them and since 
begged by the soldiers, some being saved just as they were leading them to execution." 

'J'bose who were executed were ^Fr. William Eltonhead, Lieut, Wm. Tiewis, Mr. 
Leggett, and John Pedro, a German. Governor 8tone, though his life was spared, 
was treated with great cruelty, and, while in prison, suffering from a severe wound 
received in the battle, neither his friends nor his wife were allowed to visit him. 

A year after this battle, the 23rd of October, 1G5G, Lord Baltimore sent instruc- 
tions to his Lieutenant and Council in which he required the people of Anne Arun- 
del to quietly and peacefully submit to his Lordship's Patents as he used and exer- 
cised the same there before the troubles began, namely, in the year 1 ()")(), and according 
to the advice of the said Trade Committee, which had decided that Lord Baltimore 
was entitled to the government of the Province of Maryland. 

He added, "His Lordship wills and requires his said Lieutenant and Council 
that the Law in the said Province institnted, An Act concerning Religion and passed 
heretofore there with his Lordship's assent. Whereby all persons who ])rofess to be- 
lieve in Jesus Christ have liberty of conscience and free exercise of their religion 
there, he duly observed in the said province by all the inhabitants thereof, and that 
the penalties mentioned in the said act be duly put in execution upon any oifenders 
against the same, or any part thereof." 

The Province was restored to Lord Baltimore in March, 1G58, he having been 
deprived of it six years. 



CHAPTER VIL 

CHRONICLES OF ANNAPOLIS. 

1652-1897. 

In 1652, a treaty of peace between the settlers and the famous Susquehannocks 
was signed under the old poplar, tradition says, that now stands on the College 
campus. 



38 ANNAl'OI.lS. 

In 1658, the I'uritiui Couiicil, liekl at Anne Arundel .luly *^3, direcced that tlie 
Council taking "into consideration the insolent behavior of some people called 
Quakers who in the ct)nrt, in contempt of an order then made and proclaimed, would 
presumptiously stand covered; and not only so, but also refused to subscribe the .en- 
gagement, (the oath to the Commonweultli), all Quakers depart the province or sub- 
scribe to the engagement." 

In 1662, Robert Burle, the representative of Anne Arnndel wrote so scandalous 
a paper against the Legislative authority of the Colony that the Assembly was roused 
to such indignation that, after proceedings had, Mr. I>urle had to make an humble 
apology for his conduct. 

Sometime between 1056 and 1683, the name of l*rovidence was changed to "The 
Town at Proctor's." By act of 1683, ch. 5, commissioners were appointed to lay the 
town out into streets, lanes and alleys, with open place left for church, chapel, nuir- 
ket-place and other public buildings. The town was also made a port of entry. 

The year 1694 was a pivotal period iji the history of Annapolis. That year the 
capital was removed from St. Mary's to Annapolis. It was not then even so large as 
St. i\Iary's. The people of St. Mary's made a desperate effort to retain the capita'; 
but the political atmosphere was against it. St. Mary's was a Catholic settlement — 
the new place was a Protestant town. The old site had many disadvantages of in- 
gress and egress — the new was central and accessible both by water and land from ail 
parts of the province. 

The Assembly met in Annapolis for the first time on February 28th, 1694. 
(Old Style.) "" 

169-4. By Chapter 8, acts of 1694, passed October 18th, the name of "Town- 
Land at Proctors" was changed to the Town and Port of Anne Arundel. The Com- 
missioners were Major John Hammond, i\Iajor Edward Dorsey, Mr. Andrew Nor- 
wood, ^Ir. Philij) Howard, Mr. James Sanders, and Hon. Nicholas Greenberry. 

1695. Dignified with the seat of government, Annapolis put on its honors with 
the stir of a new vitality. Chapter 2nd, of the session of 1695, made the name of the 
capital, Annapolis. The first State House was ordered to be built, and a ferry was. 
established over Severn Kiver. The next year money was voted for a church, a 
Bridewell built, a market-house ordered to be erected, a map of Annapolis was nuide, 
and it was enacted that "an handsome pair of gates be made at ye coming in of the towne, ' 
and two triangular houses built for ye rangers." King William's School was estab- 
lished the same vear. 



"YE ANTIENT CATITAL OF MARYLAND." 39 

1G9G. The foundation of the tirst State House was laid in Annapolis on April 
30th, 1G9G. In 1704, this State House was burned down. A new one was immedi- 
ately erected, which was torn down in 177^ to make room for the third State House 
— the present one. 

1707. An attempt was made in 1707 to burn Annapolis. Eichard Clarke was 
tlie author of this plot. It created great excitement at tlic capital. Clarke was 
charged with treason and a bill of attainder passed. He does not seem to have been 
apprehended. 

1708. On the 10th of August, 1708, Annapolis received its charter as a city, *. 
that honor being granted it by the Honorable John Seymour, the royal Governor of • 
Maryland. The City Council at that date was: Mayor— Amos Garrett. Recorder. 
Wornell Hunt. Aldermen — Wni. Bladen, John Freemen, Benjamin Fordham, Evan 
Jones, Thomas Boardley and Josiah Wilson. ^, 

1710. "A Prospect to Annapolis" was laid off May 24th, 1720. It comprised 
two lots of ground, one called Durand's IMace, the other Woodchurch's Ilest. It lay 
on the North Side of Severn. 

1718. Ten acres were laid off into half acre lots and donated to tradesmen. 
1720. Mr. Edward Smith was granted 120 feet of ground in the City of Annapo- 
lis for a sawyer's yard. 

172G. William Parks, the Public Printer, established tne Maryland Gazette. 

1728. A lot was allotted for a custom house and a market. 

173G. In 173G, the Legislature voted £1,500 for a public shool in Annajmlis. 

1742. In 1742, Gov. Bladen was empowered to purchase two lots on which to 
build a Governor's Eesidence. Out of this came McDowell's Hall, St. John's Col- 
lege. When the building was partially completed, a political quarrel between the 
Governor and the Legislature cut off the supplies and the four walls lay uncovered 
for forty years until St. John's College became in possession of the property. 

1745. Jonas Green began in this year tbe second publication of the Mary huid 
Gazette. 

1746. January 28th, the ship Aurora, Capt. Pickeman, from llolland, arrived 
at Annapolis with nearly 200 Palatines, that is Germans. 

On September 2nd, about midnight. Dr. Charles Carroll lost a warehouse. 



40 ANNAPOLIS. 

1747. The Unnmey ;iiul liOng, iiinned iifter lier huilders, was launched at An- 
napolis. She could carry 70 hogsheads of tobacco. 

At this tiuK- the manufacture of ducking was extensively carried on in 
Annapolis. 

1749. .loseph Wilson and Isaac Wright were convicted of counterfeiting hills 
of credit of the Trovince. 

1751. Two negro women were executed for burning down a tobacco house. 

1752. Green Street was laid out in this year. James Powells was hanged at 
An luipol is for burglary in Somerset County. 

The Gazette says he fainted at the gallows, "on his coming to himself, he desired 
the executioner to make haste, and, amidst some private ejaculations, was turned off." 

1753. Several times this year a large wild bear was seen on North Severn. He 
raided the farmers hog-peris and cirrried off various kinds of domestic animals. 

1755. Penelope House was twice whipped and stood in the pillory for shop- 
lifting. 

The French and Indians were drawing so near Annapolis, in the excited imagi- 
nations of the citizens, the town was fortified. 

November l8th. a shock of eartlKjuake wa's felt. . 

1755. One ship load of Acadians was landed at Annapolis. 

175G. A tannery was set up by Thomas Hyde. 

1757. Several gentlemen left as volunteers to fight the Indians. 

175S. March 22nd, another shock of earthquake was felt. 

1 759. During this year many dead bodies of men were found floating in the City 
Dock, supposed to have been tlirown overboiird by captains who did not wish to take 
the trouble of interment. 

1760. April 17th, a negro man named Bristol died whose age was set at 125. 
1765. The citizens forcibly resisted the landing of Zachariah Hood with his 

stamped paper, 

1771. Morris McCoy was executed for murdering his master, and his body was 
removed to Patapsco to a place near where he murdered his master and there hung 
in chains, on a gibbet, in sight of the public road leading to the lower ferry on Patap- 
sco River. 

1772. April 25th, a shock of earthquake was felt. 

1773. Tne national feeling was all aglow at this period. It was at that time 



"YE ANTIENT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND." 41 

that the author of the letters signed "First Citizen," was publishing his letters de 
fending the right of the people of a -province alone to lay taxes. He was unknown 
but the people were deep in their gratitude. AVhen it was discovered it was a young 
man, named Charles Carroll, so well known afterwards as Charles Carroll, of Carroll- 
ton, the Legislature in a body went down to his house to personally thank him. 

1774. The elegant society of Annapolis was at its height at this age and the 
fame of it went abroad throughout all the colonies. 

October lOth, Anthony Stewart set fire to the brig Peggy Stewart and burned 
her and her cargo of tea. He did this out of fear of his life at the hands of the out- 
raged citizens because he had paid the tax on the tea. 

1776. Governor Eden, the last royal Governor of the Province, left Annapolis 
for England on June 23. His property was confiscated. He returned to Annapolis 
in 1783 to regain his property, and died whilst here and was buried on North 
Severn. 

Two charges against the King, in the Declaration of Independence, arose at An- 
napolis — one protecting by a Court of Admiralty some soldiers who had killed two 
citizens and putting five companies of soldiers on the town to support in 1757. 

1781. The citizens of Annapolis were enthusiastically patriotic. 

Large bodies of troops were quartered in the town during the war, and often the 
city was stirred by the presence of some en route to the front. 

1783. December 23rd, Washington resigned his military Commission to Con- 
gress; then in session in the Senate Chamber. 

1784. 1'reaty of peace ratified at Annapolis with Great l>ritain. 

1785. Convention of Five States met to form a more perfect Union. From 
this came the Convention of 1786, that perfected the Union of States. 

1785. St. John's College was established. 

1786. Noah Webster, the lexicographer, lectured in Annapolis. 

1787. A stage route was established between Baltimore and Annapolis. The 
coach ran three times a v/eek to Baltimore and three times to Annapolis. 

1788. Annapolis had a large foreign trade at this time. The Gazette in one 
issue mentions the arrival of seventeen vessels, one vessel from each of the following 
places: Barbadoes, Limington, Demarara, Aux-Cays, Amsterdam, Dublin, St. Croix, 
Salem, Belfast, Port-au-Prince, Charleston, St. Bartholomews, Rhode Island and 
Norfolk, and three from New York. 



42 ANNAPOLIS. 

1789. Aunapolis was in the hey-day of horse racing at this period. 
The Jockey Club of Annapolis was the then patron of the track. 

1790. 'I'his year we tiud that the citizens of Annapolis celebrated Washington's 
birthday. Washington loved Annapolis, and its people venerated him. It is proba- 
ble this was the first celebration of the day here. 

lienry h'idgely, of Annapolis, was elected one of the CJovernor's council. 

1791. March •25th, President Washington visited Annapolis. 

1793. In January, the Lodge of Ancient York IMasons, installed at their lodge 
room in this city, assembled, and all who had entitled themselves the Amanda Lodge, 
assembled to celebrate St. John, the Evangelist. 

1800. On Sunday, January 28th, the Almshouse, a large colonial building, 
was burned. 

Saturday, February 22nd, was made by the Ciovernor's proclamation a day of 
mourning, humilation and prayer oii account of the death of General Washington. 

1803. On Saturday, September 15th, there was given a dinner at Mrs. 
Urquhart's Spring, where a discussion of politics followed by candidates for the 
Legislature. This is the first notice found of the present political barbecue. 

1804. On October 3ist, the Frigate Philadelphia was captured in the harbor of 
Tripoli. John liidgely, of Annapolis, was surgeon on this vessel. Dr. Eidgely was 
taken to Tripoli with other prisoners. He was commanded, under pain of death, to 
come out and cure the Bey's daughter. He ministered to the sick woman, and she 
recovered. The Bey then offered his daughter to the young American surgeon. He 
declined this honor. He then offered the freedom of the city to Dr, Uidgely. The 
Doctor declined the liberty thus offered, unless his brother officers had the same 
privilege. This the Bey granted. When Dr. Kidgely returned home he loaded him 
with presents, and when he had resigned from the Navy, and had accepted the post 
of minister to Tripoli, the Bey gave him a summer house to live in.* 

1805. The Farmer's Bank of Annapolis was incorporated this year. 

1807. The citizens, in public meeting, denounced the attack of the l>ritish 
Frigate Leopard on the U. S. Ship Chesapeake. 

1808. Fort Severn was begun this year. 
1812. Annapolis was rife with the war spirit. 



♦The editor of this volume has a letter iroiii Ur. Ridgely, written from Tripoli, telling of this kindness 
of the Bey. 



"YE ANTIENT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND." 43 

181G. British Frigate arrived at Annapolis, Marcli l6th, with the British Minis- 
ter aboard. The iM'igate saluted the town and the City ?)attery returned the salute. 
President Madison visited Annapolis in ]\Iarcli. 

1817. A steamboat, the Surprise, now regularly ran between lialtimore 
and Annapolis. 

1818. Efforts were made in this year to remove the capital to Baltimore. 
President Monroe visited Annapolis on May 28th. 

Sunday Schools were opened in Annapolis, in April. 

1821. The Act of Assembly was passed that provided for the building of the 
present Court House. 

1822. Party local names at the city election this year were "Caucas" and 
"Auti-Caucas." Caucas won. 

1823. A bill was passed to incorporate a company to build a bridge over the 
Severn. The city had much turbulance in it at this time. 

1824. A census of Annapolis was taken, tliat, with the soldiers in the Fort, 
made the inhabitants number, 2,500. 

Monday, April 10th, the boiler of the Steamboat Eagle, on her first trip from 
Baltimore to Annapolis, exploded off North Point. A soldier from Fort Severn and 
Henry M. j\Iurray, of Annapolis, lost their lives by Ibis accident. 

1827. The State Library was established in this year. 

1828. In the election of delegates to the Legislature this year, the tickets were 
Jackson and Adams. One Jackson and one Adams delegate was elected. 

1829. An act was passed to form a company to extend the Chesapeake and 
Ohio Canal to Annapolis. 

1830. A number of citizens pledged themselves to vote for no man who gave 
drink, money or anything else to purchase votes. 

1835. The corner-stone of Humphrey Hall was laid on June 25th. 

1840. The first passenger train left Annapolis for the Junction on Christmas 
day of this year. 

1845. The Naval Academy was located at Annapolis, ()ct. 10. 

1847. On July 5th, a serious riot occurred between citizens of Annapolis and 
citizens of Baltimore, who had come on aa excursion on the steamer 
Jewess. 



44 ANNAPOLIS. 

1S40. Two hiuulred years after Annapolis' settlement., it had 3,500 inhabitants, 
and was the seat of St. John's College and the site of the United States Naval Acad- 
emy. Its commercial importance was gone. Its gay society remained. 

I860. On September I2th, the Governor's Guards paraded the streets for the 
first time and were inspected by Adjt. Gen. Nicholas Brewer, of J. 

Iscl. The telegraph, in February of this year, connected Annapolis with Uul- 
timore and Washington. The same month, a Confederate Flag was hoisted in the 
city, but was soon torn down. 

In April, Gen. Benjamin F. Butler took possession of Annapolis, and the city 
felt the impulse of civil Avar. The Naval Academy was removed to Newport, and 
the buildings of the institution were turned into a hospital. St. John's College sus- 
pended and was taken possession of by the Federal troops, and a Parole Camp was 
begun on its campus. This camp was afterwards removed two miles out of the city. 
Burnside's expedition started out from Annapolis. Tiiirty thousand troops have 
been at one time encamped in and about the city. 

I8G5. A number of ex- Confederates returned to their homes here. 

1866. The Naval Academy returned to Annapolis. 

1869. Secretary liorie, of the Navy, visited Annapolis, on March 25th. 

1870. St. John's College had now resumed its operations, and this year, under 
the Presidency of President James C. Welling, reached the acme of its prosperity. 

1883. l^'or the first time in the whole country, at Annapolis, ]\[ay 30th, 1883, 
the Union and Confederates joined together and decorated the graves of the common 
dead of the civil war. Meade Post, of the Grand Army of the Kepublic, set this 
patriotic example, by inviting Lieut. Samuel T. McCullough, late of the Confederate 
Army, to deliver the address on the occasion. 1'he invitation was accepted in the 
same generous spirit in which it was tendered, and Federal and Confederate marched 
together to the silent city of the dead and laid their immortelles on the graves of 
those, who had died for their convictions on both sides of the great confiict. 

ISSG. December 27th, the Anne Arundel Historical Society celebrated its first 
anniversary. 

1887. Wednesday, March 9th, the Annapolis and P»altimore Shortline began 
the running of its first rcijular trains. 



"YE ANTIENT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND." 



45 



1894. March 5th, the City of Annapolis and the Legislature celebrated the 
200th anniversary of the removal of tiie capital from St. Mary's to Annapolis. 

1896. April 8th, President McKinley visited the Naval i\cademy. May 11th 
and 12th, the Maryland Division of the Sons of the Veterans met at Annapolis. 
June 9th, the State Convention of Maryland Fireman was held at Annapolis. 




46 



ANXAIM^I.IS. 




The State House. 



In 1709, the Legislature appropriated £7500 sterling to build the present, the 
third State House. The building committee consisted of Daniel Dulany,, 
Thomas Johnson, John Hall, AVilliam Paca, Charles Carroll, l>arrister, Launcelot 
Jacques and Charles AVallace. 

The foundation stone of the State House was laid on the twenty-eighth of 
Mjirch, 1772, by Governor Eden. 

In 1773, a copper roof was put on the State House, and in 1775, tliis roof was 
blown off. The Market House of the city was demolished by the same equinoctial 
gale, during which the tide rose three feet perpendicularly above the common level. 

The Dome was not added to the State House until after the lievolution. 



"YE ANTIRNT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND." 47 

Tlie architect was Joseph Clarke. Thomas Dance who executed the stucco and 
fresco work, fell from the scaffold just as he had finished the centre piece, and was 
killed. 

The main building is of brick, the dome of wood. From the dome of the State 
House, one hundred and twenty-i5ve feet from the top of the Hill, a most delightful 
view is obtained. The main entrance of tlie State House is through a modest porcli, 
facing southeast. It opens into a spacious hall, beautifully ornamented with stucco 
work which is made from plaster from St. Mary's County. 

On the right hand is the Senate Chamber, 30 by 40 feet. Its ceiling and walls 
are handsomely ornamented, and rich carpets cover the floors. It has accomodations 
for twenty-six senators, and a contracted lobby gives room for a small number of 
auditors. Portraits at full length of Charles Carroll of Carroll ton, Samuel Chase, 
William Paca and Thomas Stone, signers of the Declaration of Independence, from 
Maryland, adorn the walls. 

In 1876, this chamber was improved hy order of the Board of Public Wor/c. 
The old gallery that linked the room with the great past, was torn down, and can led 
off debris, and the State acquiesced in a profanation it had never ordered. 

In the room adjoining the Senate is a portrait of the elder Pitt, in which Lord 
Chatham is represented at full length in the attitude and costume of a Roman orator — 
this portrait was painted by Charles AVilson Peale while iu England and presented by 
him to the State in 1774. 

On the left of the rotunda is the Hall of the House of Delegates. It has seating 
capacity for ninety-five members. Three small lobbies give accommodations for visi- 
tors. On the northeastern wall hangs a painting representing AVashington, attended 
by (ieneral LaFayette and Col. Tilghman, his aides-de-camp, and the Continental 
Army passing iu review. In Washington's hands are the articles of capitulation at 
Yorktown. This picture was painted by Charles Wilson Peale in pursuance of a 
resolution of the Legislature and is one of the best portraits extant of (ieneral 
Washington. 

Opposite the entrance of the State House is the Library, containing, duplicates 
included, 150,000 volumes. These are chiefly works on law and public documents, 
but a handsome proportion of them is a valuable collection of works on art, science, 
history, and fiction. 



48 



ANNAPOLIS. 




Former Superintendent's House, Naval Academy, 



The Library was established in 1834, and the bnihling was enlarged in 1850. 
Before the inauguration of the Library, the room, occupied at its establishment, had 
been used by the General Court of Maryland. In 1804, that court was abolished. 

In the executive Chamber the portrait of George Calvert, the first Lord Balti- 
more and England's Secretary of State under James and Charles is seen. It is a 
copy from the painting l)y Mytens, now in the gallery of the Earl of Varulam at 
Glastenbury, England — and was presented to the State by John AY. Garrett, of Balti- 
more, as a result of the researches and efforts of ]\Ir. Frank B. Mayer, of Annapolis, 
to inaugurate a gallery of the Governors of ]\raryland. A full length portrait of 
Charles, third Lord lialtimore, was exchanged Ijy the city of Annapolis for the six 
portraits of Governors Paca, Sinallwood, Stone, Sprigg, Johnson, and Plater. These, 



"YK ANTIENT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND. 



49 





The Vaca. Lhvelling. 

with tlie full length of Frederick, the sixth and last Lord Baltimore, and a recent 
gift of a portrait of Governor Robert Wright, and one of John Eager Howard, with 
the portrait of Governor Frank Brown, are the only portraits of her Governors 
owned by the State. 

In the Senate Chamber is a large picture by Edwin White, representing "Wash- 
ington's Resignation of His Commission," obtained under an order of the Maryland 
Legislature in 1859. 

An Annex to the State Library was ordered by the Legislature of 1886. 

The State House from ground to spire, is 200 feet. 

During l883, one of the ancient landmarks of Annapolis fell. It Avas one occu- 
pied from 1845 to 1883, as the residence of the Superintendent of the Naval Acade- 
my. It was built by John Duff, an architect who settled in the colony in 1728. 
This house was built, at least, in the year 1751 and probably much earlier. It was 
the residence of that talented family, the Dulaney's and was occupied by them from 
1753 to 1.S08, and, on the cession of the ground to the government as Fort Severn, 



5" 



ANNAI'OI.IS. 




The Chase House. 

became the residence of the Conimiinder of the Fort, and so remained until 1845, 
when tlie Fort was transferred to the Navy Department for use as the Naval Acade- 
my. In 1883, by a commission of officers, Capt. Francis M. Ramsay being Superin- 
tendent of the Naval Academy, the house was condemned as unsafe, and was torn 
down, and the Superintendent, by funds reserved from supplies voted the Academy, 
proceeded to build the residence shown in the illustration for the superintendent. 
Congress that had refused specific monies for this bailding, resented this action of 
the superintendent, and, hy proviso inserted, declared no money should be used to 
complete the offensive structure. There it remained until the end of the term of the 
offending superintendent, a monument of autocratic independence and Congressional 
indignation. 

The property now owned by the Redemptorist Order, formerly belonged to 
Charles Carroll, of Carroll ton, and was donated to this religious body by the 



'VP: A.NTIENT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND. 



5t 





7'he Ridoiit House. 

descendants of this illustrious patriot. The illustration shows the mansion from 
Spa Creek, where from its terraced garden, it commands a splendid view of the 
Chesapeake. Charles Carroll, of CarroUton, lived in this house to within a few 
years of his death, which was in 1835. The dwelling has not been destroyed in its 
colonial architecture by modern improvements. 

The house, on the northeast side of Prince George Street, near East, was built by 
Governor Paca, who was Governor in 1782. Arthur Schaaf purchased the house from 
the Governor. Louis Neth became owner after Mr. Schaaf. About 1847, Chancel- 
lor Theodore Bland lived there, but was not the owner of it. This garden, perhaps, 
more than any other spot, indicated in its hey day the delightful life of Annapolis a 
century ago. The spring house, the expanse of trees and shrubbery, the octagonal 
summer house of two stories, that represented ''my lady's bower," the artificial brook, 
fed by two springs of water, that went rippling along to the bath house tiiat re- 
freshed in the sultry days, and gave delight to the occupants, form a j)ictuie tradit- 
ion loves to dwell upon to this day. It is known as the Paca dwelling. 



52 



ANNArOLIvS. 




St. hhn '5 College. 

John Ridout, great grand father of Dr. Wni. (i 
Dr. Wm. a. Ridout. represented in the illustration. 
of Gloucester Street. 



Ridout, built the residence of 
The Ridout liouse is on Duke 



St. John's College is the lineal descendant of King William's School which was 
founded in Annapolis in 1G9G. In 1784, an Act of tlie Legislature of ^Maryland, was 
passed providing for the establishment of the University of ^Maryland, consisting of 
Washington College on the Eastern Shore, the present one at Chestertown, Dr. 
Charles W. Reid, President, and one on the Western Shore. Annapolis was chosen 
as the site of the Western Shore College, and the name of St. John's was given it. 
The College was non-sectarian, Archbishop John Carroll of the Catholic Cluirch, 
with Churchmen and Dissenters assisting, in its organization. 



^ 



^ 




54 



ANNAI'OIJS. 




Franklin and Beltis Houses. 



The seventh section enacted that if Annapolis was taken as the site of the West- 
ern College then the General Assembly would grant to the College the four acres, 
within the City of Annapolis, purchased for the use of the public in Governor Blad- 
en's administration. This lot had on it a partly finished brick building, now 
McDowell Hall. This had been intended in 1744 as the residence of the Governor, and 
when partially finished a political quarrel between the Governor and the Legislature 
led to a refusal of the Assembly to vote any supplies to finish the house and there the 
roofiess building stood for forty years until the College was granted it. 

Amongst those who attended the school and later the College were William 
Pinkney, Keverdy Johnson, Francis Hcott l^ey, John llidgely, Benjamin Ogle, George 
Washington Parke Custis, and Nicholas Brewer. 



"V1-: ANTIKNT CAPITAL OI- ^rARVLANI). 



55 




White HaIL 

White Hall was built by Gov. Horatio Sharpe, daring his administration, who 
was Governor of Maryland, from 1753 to 1769. It is beautifully situated on a point 
of land making out into the Chesapeake Bay, locally known as White Hall Bay. 
White Hall Creek bounds it on the west side and iMeredith's Creek on the east. It 
is a peninsula of good, level ground. The tract originally contained about a thousand 
acres. The house, still in excellent preservation, is built after the plan of an ancient 
castle, and when first seen looks as if an European villa had arisen suddenly by the 
touch of Aladdin's lamp from the ground, so entirely out of keeping is it with the 
modern buildings, in that section. It is about seven miles from Annapolis. The 
house has hand-carving throughout its entire structure, and the tradition is that a 
transported convict, executed the work with the promise, that, when finished, he 
should have his freedom. On leaving Maryland, about 1770, Governor Sharpe 
went to England and left his handsome estate to his private secretary, John Ridout, 
and it continued in the Ridout family until 1896, when the house and a small part 
of the land were sold to Mrs. J. P. Story, of Washington, wife of Captain Story, of 
the United States Army. 



56 



ANNAPOIJS. 




White Hall, {Rear Vie^.) 



"YK ANTIRNT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND. 



.S7 




Governor Sh^rpe's Bed a.t White HalU 



58 



ANNAPOLIS. 




San Dial 

at 
White Hall. 



Gov. Sharpe's Portrait 
in the 
Dining T^om at 
White Hall. 




"YE ANTIENT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND. 



59 




The Sa.nds Homestea.d. 



This is one of the oldest houses in Annapolis, and in which lives Miss Saraii 
Sands, now, in 1901, 95 years old. The house was the residence of Joseph Sands, 
whose son AYilliani received a mortal wound in the charge of the Maryland Line, 
under Major Mordecai Gist, against three times its number in the Battle of Long 
Island, in 1776. Gen. AVashington passed through this house in 1783 to escape the 
admiring crowd tnat was following him on his making a visit on foot to the Gover- 
nor of Maryland. 



6o 



ANNAl'OI.IS. 




Miss Sarah Sands, Ninety-fi've years of age. 



Miss Sarah Saiuls was born March 6, 180G, and is the oklest white resident in 
Annapolis today. She heard the first gun fired at tlie battle of North Point, and saw 
the smoke as the British burned Washington in 1814. Miss Sands, though ninety- 
five years old, is possessed of all her faculties. 

She reads and sews without glasses; she hears well, and is a bright and interest- 
ing talker. Her memory is surprising, and she recalls vividly incidents that oc- 
curred eighty years ago. She is well educated and intelligent and has a pleasing 
manner of expressing her remembrances, interspersing them with various little inci- 
dents of an entertaining and amusing nature. 



'YIv ANTIHNT CAPITAL OF MARYI^AND. 



6i 




Pinkney house in process of mo'ving. 



The Piiikney house was built by John Callahan, who was register of the T^iaiul 
Office of ^faryland from 1779 to 180G. His daughter Harriett married Dr. John 
Uidgely, surgeon in the U. S. Navy, who was on the Frigate Philadelphia when she 
ran aground and was captured by Tripolitans. Mr. Ridgely attended the Bey's sick 
daughter, and when healed, the ^ey, at Dr. Ridgely's request, gave all the American 
officers the freedom of the city. In 1900-1, the house was removed intact from the 
corner of Bladen Street and College Avenue to St. John's Street. 



62 



ANNAPOLIS. 




The Carlyel house. 



'J'he house tliat Mr. Winston (Miiircliliill had ill iiiiiul as tlie '-(Jarvel House," 
in his si)leii(liel review of" Aniiai)olitan ante- UevoUitionary life, is located on Ship- 
wright street, and is now the property of the Sisters of Notre Uame. The house was 
erected by Dr. Upton Scott, a prominent physician of colonial days, and the personal 
friend of Gen. AVolfe. Dr. Scott was Secretary to the Upper House of IMaryland for 
many years, and one of the founders of the ^Faryland (Uiirurgical Association. 
After his death the property was owned by Richard Ireland Jones. The next owner 
was Dennis Claude. From the estate of the latter, the Sisters of Notre Dame pur- 
chased the house. In September, 178-1:, Gov. Itobert Eden, brother-in-law of Lord 
Baltimore, died in this house. He was here to recover his property that he left when he 
vacated the office of Governor in Jun >, 1776. 



'YR ANTIENT CATITAL Ol' MARYLAND. 



63 




64 ANNAPOLIS. 

Jan. in, 1807. The Chase Iloine was aglow Saturday afternoon, from 2 o'clock 
U) 7, witii the spirit of that colonial social life which made the charms and o;races of 
Annapolis society famous to the remotest bounds of the American plantations. The 
brilliant occasion was the opening tea of a series of entertainments that were given 
during the season to aid the fund for the maintenance of the Chase IFome. The his- 
toric house, with its broad halls and am})le rooms, filled with the rich and antique, 
was an inviting spectacle to the hundreds of delighted visitors who came from An- 
napolis, Baltimore and the Naval Academy to enjoy the social festivities of the tea, 
and the sight of so many rare and valuable treasures of art and history. As one of 
the receiving ladies, well posted in chronology, said "^'adding the three lost years of 
liistory, we are now in tlie 2()th century, and this house represents, in its furniture 
and fittings, four centuries, the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th." 

'J'he receiving party was ^Irs. J. Caile Harrison, directress of the Chase Home; 
Mrs. AVilliam (J. liidout, Miss True Ridout, the Misses Craven, Miss McFarland, 
Mrs. Eugene Worthington, Miss Milligan and Miss Nelson of Annapolis; IMiss 
.Juliette Wise, of the Naval Academy; ]\Iiss Cora Eogers and Miss Virginia Wilson of 
Baltimore. The tea was served in the old dining-room, to the right of the main hall 
and busy were the receiving ladies in waiting on their numerous guests. On the 
table were four pieces of candelabra, two single and two with three lights, that illum- 
inated the Chase Home when Lafayette was a guest here in 1824:. These Avere used 
Saturday afternoon for the first time since the last owner's death, eight years ago, 
then liaving been stowed a^vay in the vaults of the Farmers' National Bank of 
Annapolis, and were only brought out Saturday to grace the occasion. 

Lovers of the sacred in Maryland history will be gratified to learn that, at the 
tea Saturday afternoon, it was authoritatively announced that the valuable Lowestoff 
china that the trustees had proposed to sell will not be disposed of, but will remain 
in the historic building with which it has been associated for over a century. Some 
minor pieces will be sold, but, heeding the earnest protests that have come in from 
every quarter, the management has determined not to deprive the home of some of its 
chief glories by the sale of its valuable china. Nor will the venerable furniture be 
removed, and here, amongst other splendid relics, is the sideboard of Judge Jeremiah 
T. Chase, the friend of Washington and Lafayette, which was taken, filled with china 
and silver, from his burning dwelling, on King (ieorge street, 50 years ago, and here 
are the secretary, sword and punch-bowl of Governor Sharpe. 



"YE ANTIENT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND. 



65 




The "Old Wall." 

By permission of the "Book of the Royal Blue."— B. & O. R R. 

Tradition and liistory, remote and modern, were interesting topics of conversa- 
tion among the hostesses and tlieir guests, and one of the relatives of the donor of the 
liome stated 8atnrd;iy afternoon that Mrs. Hester Ann Chase Ridout particularly de 
sired that the lionie should be a memorial of her martyred sister, Miss Matilda Chase, 
who was burned so severely in the house one night that she died the next day, and 
whose heroic conduct in refusing to call to her aid two sleeping women of the house* 
lest she set them on fire, saved, most probably, two lives antl the house, as the accident 
was in the dead of night. This tragedy was followed by the mansion itself taking 
fire the next night, and to the calls for relief the cadet battalion responded with th^ 
Naval Academy engine and extinguished the flames. Among the visitors to the home 
Saturday afternoon was Ensign Oman, one of the cadets who assisted ten years before in 
saving this interestins: buildins: from destruction. 



66 ANNAPOLIS. 

1808. After tlie huttle off Santiago, July 3rd, 1S9S, the Spanish Omcer«, cap- 
tured from Cervera's fleet, were sent to the Naval Academy as prisoners of war. 'i'he 
captives were treated with marked consideration, and given the freedom of Annapolis 
until eight in the evening, when they had to report to the Naval Academy. Admiral 
Cervera showed iiis confidence in the American people by walking through the streets 
of Anna})olis, in company with several of his officers, the morning after his arrival, to 
attend worship at St. Mary's Catholic Church. They soon became familiar figures 
on the streets of "ye antient capital of Maryland,'' and, accepting many courtesies 
from our citizens, made warm friendships. The prisoners at once showed their re" 
spect for America by uncovering and saluting "Old Glory" as the morning colors 
rose, the day after they arrived, on the flag-staff at the Naval Academy. The captives 
were both surprised and grateful for the courtesies they received, and, returned, after 
a nominal captivity of several months, to their country with a high appreciation of 
the American character. 

18!i9. February 12th, the great "blizzard" began at Annapolis, and for three 
days Annapolis was cut off' from communication by road, rail, and water from all other 
cities. The snow was ten feet deep in some places. 

April 24. The 6rst sod on the new Naval Academy was turned by Admiral F. 
V. McNair, the oldest living alumnus of the Naval Academy, then in the active ser- 
vice. The Admiral was then superintendent of the Naval Academy. 

1900. May I4th. On this date women voted in Annapolis for the first time in 
its history. Under an act of Assembly, all taxpayers, as well as legal voters, were 
authorized to vote on a question of issuing $121,000 of bonds to pay off a floating 
indebtedness of $21,000 and to improve, with the balance of the issue, the City Dock 
and Streets of Annapolis. A number of women tax-payers availed themselves of the 
privilege, two-thirds of whom voted for the bond issue. The ballot was indirectly 
made an educational test, as all voters had to write on the official ballot, "for" or 
"against the bonds," as they desired to vote. Few illiterates attempted to cast a 
ballot. The bond issue was carried by a large majority. 

1901. May 21. The dedication ceremonies, of the Southgate Memorial Shaft 
and Fountain, took place here, Tuesday, IVfay 21. The Fountain and Shaft are located 
on Church Circle at the head of College Avenue, under the shadow of St. Anne's Pro- 
testant Episcopal Church, Avhere Dr. William Scott Southgate, in whose memory 
they are erected, by the citizens of Annapolis and by Old Parishioners of St. Anne's, 

L.ofC. 



"YE ANTllvNT CAPITAL OF MARYLAND." 67 

served as rector for thirty years. The day was the second anniversary of his death. 'I'he 
ceremonies began with Ilynni:— ''Our Father's God to Theel" Keadingof the Scrip- 
tures followed by Rev. Dr. AV. W. Van Arsdale, pastor of Salem Methodist Episcopal 
Church, of Annapolis. Uev. Joseph P: McComas, rector of St. Anne's, made the In- 
vocation prayer. Hymn, "Loid, Pour Thy Spirit from on High," was sung. Hon. 
John AV^irt Randall made the presentation address on behalf of the Committee who 
superintended the raising of the funds and the erection of the Memorial. Hymn, 
"In the Cross of Christ I Glory," was rendered. Robert Moss, Esq., City Counsellor, 
made the acceptance address on behalf of the City of Annapolis. Hymn, "It is not 
Death to Die," followed. Right Reverend William Paret, Protestant Episcopal 
Bishop of Maryland, tlien made the Dedication Address. The Hymn, "For all thy 
Saints who from Their Labours Rest," was sung. Bishop Paret pronounced the 
benediction. 



JOS. W. TRAUTWEIN, 

Groceries, Dry Goods, Sliip-Cbaudlery 
Goods, Boots, Paints, Oils, Varnishes, 

MARKKT Sl'ACE, ANNAPOLIS. 

l?I?f)()KS tSc 1^AT?T()X. 

DEALERS IN FINE FOOTWEAR, 

18 MAIN STREET, ANNAPOLIS, MD. 



PERRY H. KASHNER'S 

LUNCH ROOM, 
4-4 31A1JS .ST. ANNAPOLIS, Ml). 

TlIK crXV DKl <J .STORK, 
FELDMEYER BROS. 

Pvlaiii & Francis Sts. Annapolis. 

Wir.T.IAlSI SANDS. 

FISH, OVSTKRS, CRAHS, 

Stall No. 9, I'ish Market, Annapolis. 

BUFFHAM & CO., PHOTOGRAPHERS. 

NO- 48 MARYLAND AVE., ANNAPOLIS, 

riioluKraplis of llie Naval Academy and Aiiiia])olis 
for sale. 



PHILLIP MILLER, 

CLOTHING AND vSHORS, 
36 Market vSpace, Annapolis, Md. 



J. BOYD DEXTER, 

KLKCTRICAI. CONTRACTOR, 
20 Francis Street, Annapolis, Md. 

JONKS & l^^RANKLIN. 

Groceries, Hardware and General Merchandise, 
96 Main Street, Annapolis, Md. 



.F. l\ 1»()1MI.\.M. 
THE TAILOR, 

9 Francis vStrcct, Annapulis, Md. 

ROBKl^T MOSS. 

ATTORNEY AT LAW, 

ANNAPOLIS. 



WILLIAM F. MINNICK, 

A'r'l't)KNKV AT LAW, 

Southard IJuildin.^, near Court House, Annapolis, Md. 

ELIHU S. Rir^EY. 
ATTORNEY AT LAW, 

ARUNDEL BUILDING, ANNAPOLIS. 

iriKJlI l^lTMJKTA' RIT^EY, 
ATTORNEY AT LAW, 

OFFICE AT ANNAPOLIS— ARUNDEL BUILDING. 
OFFICE IN BALTIMORE-510 FIDELITY BLD'G. 

decorating;. 

interior. exterior. 

paper hanging a spi-xialty. 

ELLIS STRANGE, 

14 I'kancis vStkket, Annapolis, Md. 

CHARLES A. HOWARD, 

Sanitary Plumber, Gas and Steam 
Fitter, 

I'lstiniates furnished on all classes of work. 
32 St.atk CiRCi.K, Ann ATOMS, Md. 



B. AYIKGARD. 

CONF'KCTIO:NnBR A^fL> CATEKER, 

AGENT FOR HUYLER'S CANDIES, 
STATE HOUSE CIRCLE, AN NAPOLIS, M D. 



Headquarters for E'verything in . . . 

MUSIC AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. 

JOS. S. HAYS, 

112 Church St. Annapolis. Md. 



GILBERT & MUSTERMAN, 
pbanuacicitci, 

CENTRAL DRUG STORE, 

'Pare Drugs, SMedicines, Perfumery, 

Toilet Articles. Etc. 

EAST STREET AND STATE CIRCLE, 

ANNAPOLIS, MD. 

"CAPITAL MAKES CAPITAL." 

Aiul there is no better test of this proverb 

than a well displayed Advertisement 

in the 

EVENING CAPITAL. 

The People's Paper — Tlie only Daily in 

Ann^ Arundel and 
Southern Maryland — Circulation 1500. 

A well equipped office with four steam 
power presses. Book and Job Printing in 
all its Branches, neatly, cheaply and ex- 
peditiously done. 

WM. M. ABBOTT, 

riBL.lSllKK ANO PKOPKIIOTOK. 





n¥¥i^m n 




U' 



Gent's jfurnisbcr, 

. . . SWELL LINE OF . . . 

mcGltocc Shirte^ mccfuvcar 
an^ Mat?, 

77 HAIN ST., ANNAPOLIS, HD. 



ROBERT REDMOND, 102 Main St. 

I>UV CI,K AIMING AND SSCOI'KINO 

ICWT A n r.ISII M KNT, 

IIIOST t'l.ASS WORK. QUARANTBKn. 



Orders by mail Promptly Attended to. 
Kstimates Furnished. 

JOS. A. BROWN & CO. 

Registered S^nif^ry Clumbers & Gas Fitters, 

NO. 7 FRANCIS STREET, 

r-rivntc .\cUlrf.ss. 45 I'riuce Geoige Street, 

ANNAPOMS, MD. 



JSonb'e 



. . . IDintno parlorci, . , ♦ 

I'",STA1U,ISHKI) 1S80. 

State Circle and Francis St., Annapolis, Md. 

Meals Served to Order on Kuropea.i Plan, 

Private Dining Room for Ladies. 

Everything in Season. Oysters a Specialty, 

Charges Moderate. Rooms to Rent. 

Bnnapolie. ^ ^ ^ 

"Ye cAntient Capital of Maryland." 

1649-1901. 

BY ELIHU S. RILEY. 

A Hand Book of Annapolis. 
35 Illustrations of Ancient Houses 
and odd scenes in Annapolis. 

In Cloth, $1 00. Paper 25 cents. 
POK sai.p: bv 

'JtisiiiNO S: Co., 34 W. lialtimore St., and 

J. H. Mkuaiky & Co., 5 N. Ilowad St.. Baltimore. 

Gkokc.e \V. Jonks, 60 Chnrch Street, and 

Chab. O. Fki.dmykr, 46 Maryland Ave., Annapolis, 

BY MAIL, ADDRESS 

Thk Annapolis Pciiu.isiiino Company, 

Arundkl HiiiLuiNf,, Annapolis, Mn. 

I'aper covers by mail 27 cents. Cloth <i 00. 

-THE ANQENT dHYr 

A HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
1649-1886. 400 Pages. By JClihu vS. Riley. 
Price in paper Ji. 50. In cloth F2 per copy. 

I!Y MAIL, ADDRESS 

'I'liK Annapolis PmiMsiiiNc; Company, 

Arundkl IIi;ii,1)in(;, Annai'oi.is, Mi>. 



.joiix Air.. 



TONSORIAL SAT.()f)X, 

HOTEL MARYLAND, ANNAPOLIS, MD. 



R. R. MAGRUDER & CO. 

— TWO STORES, — 
Wholesale and Retail Grocers, and 

Dealers in Fresh Heats, 

CONDUIT ST. AND MARYLAND AVE. 
ANNAPOLIS, MD. 



RIDOUT BROS. 

DPiALERS IN 

DrySoods, Men's Furnishing Goods, Carpeting, Etc. 



MAIN STREET, 



ANNAPOLIS, MD. 



Maryland Avenue Pharmacy, 

Cor. Maryland Ave. & Prince George St., 

ANNAPOLIS, MD. 

T>rugs, cMedicines, Chemicals, Etc. 



DRINK^v 

KENNY'S 
Dry Roasted Coffees 

PURE, FF^AORANT AND STRONG, 

C. 13. KKNNY CO. 

Teas, Coffees and Sujjars, 



50 STORES. 



Is^ID. 



Gootlleb's Department Store, 

70-72 Main St., through to vState Circle, 
ANNAPOLIS, MD. 

RICHARD~a CHANEY, 
Hiring and Livery Stables, 

121 WEST ST., ANNAPOLIS, MD. 

Teams lor Hire ami Hauliujj ol all Kinds 

attended to. 

UaKfjage Delivered. 'Wagoiis to meet all trains. 

Horses taken at Liverj'. 

Leave orders at Postal Telegraph Office, Md. Ave.. 

and Main Gate. Naval Academy. 

RUDOLPH KAISER, 

♦ . Ifloriet, , , 

Roses, Carnations and Violets a Specialty 

and other FloHvers in Season, 
96 COLLEGE AVENUE, ANNAPOLIS MD. 



5, Hlbcit Hbanis, 

General Blachsinitbiiuj anb 
Iborec Sbocimj, 



Carriage Painting-, and Undertaking 

Establishment, 
34 CALVERT ST., AN N APOLIS, M D. 



JAMES R. BRASHEARS, 

ATTORNEY AT LAW, 

Ariitidcl Buildiiij^, Aiinapoli.s, Md. 

JERRY L. SMITH, 

Attorney .-\t L.wv, 

ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND. 



W. HALLAM CLAUDE, 

ATTORNEY AT LAW, 

19 vState Ciicle, Annapolis, Md. 

A. T. BRADY, 

ATTORNEY AT LAW, 

Arundel Building, Annapolis, Md. 



HOTEL MARYLAND, 

ANNAPOLiS, MD. 

BEST ACCOMMODATIONS IN THE CITY. 

GREENBERRY FARM DAIRY, 

PURE MILK IN GLASS JARS, 

C. ?:. REMSON, Box 176, ANNAPOLIS, MD. 

Dealers in and Shippers of 

FRESH FISH, CRABS AND CRAB MEATS, 

ANNAPOLIS, MD. 

ANGELO GERACI, 

BARBER AND HAIR DRESSER, 

Tonsorial Emporium, 81 Conduit Street, 

Opposite Old City Hotel, ANNAPOLIS, MD 

3L tj:vv. 
FINE FOOTWEAR, 

51 WEST ST., ANNAPOLIS, MD. 



W. H. BATES, 

Dealer in (irocti ies iS; rrovisioiis, 
Dry I'.ooils, Oals, Hay. Corn, Cigars, Tobacco and 

Sniifl, Wood and Coal, 
57-59 CATHKDRAl, ST., ANNAPOLIS, MI). 

WM. E. FELDMEYER, 

108 COLLEGE AVENUE, ANNAPOLIS, MD. 

BRICK AND STONE MASON, 

Estimates given for all kinds of Brick, 

Stone, Asphalt, Cement and 

Plastering Work. 

The Home Friendly Life Insurance Company, 
of Daltiinore City, Md , started their Hranch Office 
at Annapolis, in 1892, and have been very success- 
ful in inakiiijr a lartre increase bv promptly attend- 
ing to business, and in treating their policy holders 
to a punctual statement in paj-ijig their claims. 

Office on Maryland Ave., near State Circld 
Annapolis, Md. H. VOKSTEC, Superintendent. 

WM. DUVAL, JR. 

DKALKR IN COAL AND WOOD, 
129 West vStreet, Annapolis, Md. 



FRED. C. SniTH, 

ICH CREAM AND COiNFECTIONIvRV, 

Agent for Sparrow's Candies. 

50 Maryland Avenue, Annapolis, Md. 



JAHES K. THOHAS, 

CONTRACTOR AND REPAIRER, 

Carpentering and Jobbing Work 

Done at Short Notice, 

150 West Street, Annapolis, Md. 

P. K. PARLETT & SKIPPER, 

Contractors and Builders, 

Estimates and Plans Ftirnished, 

Job Work Promptly attended to, 
OFFICE-^e EAST STKBET. 



^VESTIJROOK liROS. 

Paper Hanging, House and Sign Painting, 

54 Market St., Annapolis, Md. 

BON-TON SHAVING AND HAIR 

CUTTING PARLOR, 

B. A. PHHjIjII^S, Pkopkietor, 

4-8 MARYLAND AVE., ANNAPOLIS, MD. 



